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Three genes involved in proline biosynthesis (proABC) appear uniquely essential in Shigella. The orthologous E. coli deletion strains exhibit robust growth (OD600 greater than 0.75 after 22 h growth in LB), but are essential by our criteria. proA and proC completely lack transposon insertions, while proB contains only two insertions near the 3′end, which leaves approximately 70 % of the gene intact, including the entire kinase and substrate-binding domain
