Table 3.

Primary outcome analysis of any cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization using mixed-effects logistic regression analysis accounting for clustering by practice and provider (N = 262,996)

Parameter	Model A		Model B		Model C
	(Unadjusted)		(Adjusted for patient factors)		(Adjusted for patient and provider factors)
	Odds ratio	p value	Odds ratio	p value	Odds ratio	p value
Phase
Baseline	Ref		Ref		Ref
Intervention	0.96	0.51	0.96	0.50	0.96	0.49
Post	0.95	0.51	0.93	0.37	0.93	0.36
Year	0.95	<0.001	0.95	0.001	0.95	0.002
Region
1	1.54	0.04	1.13	0.49	0.87	0.41
2	0.89	0.48	0.90	0.43	0.75	0.028
3	1.08	0.65	0.99	0.94	0.81	0.09
4	1.36	0.07	1.01	0.93	0.74	0.035
5	0.84	0.34	0.90	0.50	0.85	0.22
6	0.87	0.51	0.95	0.75	0.89	0.47
7	0.80	0.18	0.81	0.11	0.72	0.011
8	0.95	0.81	0.92	0.65	0.83	0.24
9	Ref		Ref		Ref
Patient characteristics
Age			1.03	<0.001	1.03	<0.001
Sex			0.55	<0.001	0.55	<0.001
Number of ADGs
0			Ref	-	Ref	-
1 (1–4)			0.78	0.18	0.78	0.19
2 (5–9)			1.16	0.44	1.16	0.42
3 (10+)			2.03	<0.001	2.04	<0.001
Location
Urban			Ref	-	Ref	-
Suburban			1.21	0.001	1.08	0.24
Rural			1.23	0.001	1.12	0.13
Income quintile
1			Ref	-	Ref	-
2			0.89	0.015	0.90	0.020
3			0.86	0.002	0.86	0.002
4			0.80	<0.001	0.80	<0.001
5			0.75	<0.001	0.75	<0.001
Immigrant			1.00	0.995	0.997	0.97
Provider characteristics
Payment model
FFS					Ref	-
Capitation, FHT					0.97	0.68
Capitation, non-FHT					1.07	0.13
Female physician					0.90	0.058
Years since graduation					1.00	0.24
Physician rurality
Urban					Ref	-
Suburban					1.46	0.013
Rural					1.33	0.032
Trained abroad					1.21	0.041
Practice size					1.02	0.054

ADG Aggregated Diagnostic Groups, FHT Family Health Team