Table 2. Comparison of socio-economic and risk factors between non-COPD and COPD participants.
| Total | non-COPD | COPD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.652 | |||
| Men | 291 (49.5%) | 246 (49.9%) | 45 (47.4%) | |
| Women | 297 (50.5%) | 247 (50.1%) | 50 (52.6%) | |
| Unmarried | 0.055 | |||
| Yes | 113 (19.2%) | 88 (17.8%) | 25 (26.3%) | |
| Biomass fuel use indoors | 0.335 | |||
| Yes | 546 (92.9%) | 460 (93.3%) | 86 (90.5%) | |
| Biomass fuel use outdoors | 0.704 | |||
| Yes | 544 (92.5%) | 457 (92.7%) | 87 (91.6%) | |
| Biomass fuel for heating | 0.035 | |||
| Yes | 104 (17.7%) | 80 (16.2%) | 24 (25.5%) | |
| Smoking | 0.046 | |||
| Active | 122 (20.7%) | 98 (19.9%) | 24 (25.3%) | |
| Former | 87 (14.8%) | 67 (13.6%) | 20 (21.1%) | |
| None | 379 (64.5%) | 328 (66.5%) | 51 (53.7%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.020 | |||
| Non-Bantu | 270 (45.9%) | 216 (43.8%) | 54 (56.8%) | |
| Bantu | 318 (54.1%) | 277 (56.2%) | 41 (43.2%) | |
| Education | 0.433 | |||
| None | 118 (20.1%) | 97 (19.7%) | 21 (22.1%) | |
| Primary | 358 (60.9%) | 302 (61.3%) | 56 (58.9%) | |
| Secondary | 91 (15.5%) | 74 (15.0%) | 17 (17.9%) | |
| Tertiary | 21 (3.6%) | 20 (4.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
| Employment | 0.585 | |||
| Farmers | 441 (75.0%) | 370 (75.1%) | 71 (74.7%) | |
| Business | 43 (7.3%) | 37 (7.5%) | 6 (6.3%) | |
| Teachers | 16 (2.7%) | 15 (3.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
| Others | 69 (11.7%) | 57 (11.6%) | 12 (12.6%) | |
| Unemployed | 19 (3.2%) | 14 (2.8%) | 5 (5.3%) | |
| Village tobacco-growing area | 0.249 | |||
| Yes | 241 (41.0%) | 197 (40.0%) | 44 (46.3%) | |
| Sleeping area | 0.711 | |||
| Same room as kitchen | 44 (7.5%) | 35 (7.1%) | 9 (9.5%) | |
| Separate room | 54 (9.2%) | 45 (9.1%) | 9 (9.5%) | |
| Separate house | 490 (83.3%) | 413 (83.8%) | 77 (81.1%) |
Data are N (%).
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.