Table 2. Baseline characteristics (T1) – gender-specific comparison of health behaviors, state of health, and protection and risk factors.
| Variable | Gender | Statistical test | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | |||
| Physical activity, mean (±SD) | ||||
| Working | 2.77 (0.47) | 2.84 (0.52) | ANOVA | 0.39 |
| Not working | 2.85 (0.60) | 2.90 (0.59) | ANOVA | 0.40 |
| Dietary/nutritional behavior, mean (±SD) | 24.71 (5.28) | 28.48 (5.13) | ANOVA | <0.01 |
| Smoking status % (n) | ||||
| Smoker | 66.7 (44) | 33.3 (22) | ||
| Former smoker | 58.3 (158) | 41.7 (113) | χ 2 | <0.01 |
| Never smoker | 38.5 (75) | 61.5 (120) | ||
| Subjective state of health, mean (±SD) | 61.00 (19.23) | 56.55 (18.27) | ANOVA | <0.01 |
| Physiological protection and risk factors, mean (±SD) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHG) | 126.28 (18.53) | 128.08 (21.78) | ANOVA | 0.30 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHG) | 77.24 (10.71) | 77.29 (13.00) | ANOVA | 0.96 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.07 (37.19) | 185.83 (42.85) | ANOVA | <0.01 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 102.32 (29.74) | 109.62 (36.21) | ANOVA | 0.01 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 42.48 (11.04) | 53.65 (15.72) | ANOVA | <0.01 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 106.48 (35.35) | 105.13 (31.49) | ANOVA | 0.65 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.44 (1.49) | 6.53 (1.74) | ANOVA | 0.66 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 28.18 (4.19) | 28.01 (5.34) | ANOVA | 0.69 |
SD, standard deviation