Table 4.
Micro nutrient intakes associated with relative level of perceived stress.a
| Variable | Quartile of perceived stress | P stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest* | Middle lowest | Middle highest | Highest | ||
| Vitamin A (IU/day) | 9113 ± 320 | 8696 ± 302 | 7901 ± 318* | 8601 ± 318 | ns# |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg/day) | 2.71 ± 0.04 | 2.57 ± 0.04* | 2.49 ± 0.04* | 2.60 ± 0.04 | 0.006 |
| Total folate (μg/day) | 558 ± 10 | 536 ± 9 | 509 ± 10* | 553 ± 10 | 0.003 |
| Natural folate (μg/day) | 336 ± 5 | 331 ± 5 | 311 ± 5* | 340 ± 5 | 0.003 |
| Vitamin B-12 (mg/day) | 10.9 ± 0.4 | 10.0 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | ns |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 156 ± 4 | 145 ± 4 | 139 ± 4* | 150 ± 4 | ns# |
| Vitamin K (μg/day) | 91 ± 2 | 82 ± 2* | 77 ± 2* | 86 ± 2 | 0.001 |
| Beta-carotene (μg/day) | 3556 ± 167 | 3371 ± 157 | 3000 ± 166 | 3308 ± 166 | ns |
| Beta-cryptoxanthan (μg/day) | 238 ± 13 | 192 ± 12* | 196 ± 13* | 200 ± 13 | 0.050 |
| Lutem + zeaxanthin (μg/day) | 1646 ± 55 | 1405 ± 52* | 1368 ± 54* | 1482 ± 54* | 0.001 |
| Ca (mg/day) | 1112 ± 26 | 1062 ± 25 | 1074 ± 26 | 1092 ± 26 | ns |
| Fe (mg/day) | 21 ± 0.3 | 20 ± 0.3* | 20 ± 0.3* | 21 ± 0.3 | 0.030 |
| Mg (mg/day) | 377 ± 5 | 363 ± 5 | 347 ± 5* | 369 ± 5 | 0.001 |
| K (mg/day) | 3535 ± 39 | 3371 ± 37* | 3298 ± 39* | 3450 ± 38 | 0.000 |
a
Values are 1s mean ± S.E. and adjusted for energy intake, BMI, physical activity, sex, age, education, income to poverty ratio and diabetes.
*
Indicates a statistical difference (P ≤ 0.5) from the lowest quartile of perceived stress within the same row.
#
Indicates a tendency (P ≤ 0.1) to be statistically different.