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. 2016 Jul 2;39(5):855–865. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9762-6

Table 2.

Mean (SD) scores, ranges, possible ranges and interpretation of the variables included in the theoretical model

Questionnaire n Mean (SD) Range Possible range Interpretation
Constructs
Appraisal
GSES n = 262 30.5 (4.7) 11–40 10–40 Higher values indicate more self-efficacy
ICQ-helplessness n = 263 16.9 (3.3) 9–23 6–24 Higher values indicate less helplessnessa
ICQ-acceptation n = 263 15.1 (3.8) 6–24 6–24 Higher values indicate more acceptation
Participation
IPA autonomy indoors n = 263 3.2 (0.6) 1–4 0–4 Higher values indicate better participationa
IPA family role n = 263 2.5 (0.7) 0.7–4 0–4
IPA autonomy outdoors n = 263 2.3 (0.7) 0.4–4 0–4
IPA social life and relationships n = 263 3.0 (0.5) 1.1–4 0–4
IPA work and education n = 253 2.1 (0.8) 0–4 0–4
Confounding variables
CIS20r-fatigue n = 264 43.4 (7.6) 14–56b 8–56 Higher values indicate more fatigue
CIS20r-concentration n = 264 20.9 (7.6) 5–35 5–35 Higher values indicate more concentration problems
EDSS median, (ICQ1–ICQ3) n = 255 2.5 (2.0–3.5) 0–6c 0–10 Higher scores indicate more disease severity
SF36-physical functioning n = 265 59.0 (23.9) 0–100 0–100 Higher values indicate better physical functioning
SF36-mental health n = 262 67.1 (13.2) 24–92 0–100 Higher values indicate better mental health
Mediating coping styles
CISS21 task-oriented n = 263 24.3 (4.8) 7–35 7–35 Higher values indicate a stronger tendency to a certain coping style
CISS21 emotion-oriented n = 263 18.0 (6.1) 7–31 7–35
CISS21 avoidance-oriented n = 264 18.7 (4.8) 7–31 7–35

CIS20r, Checklist Individual Strength; CISS21, Coping Inventory Stressful Situations; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; GSES, General Self-Efficacy Scale; ICQ, Illness Cognition Questionnaire; ICQ1–3, Interquartile; IPA, Impact on Participation and Autonomy; SF36, Short Form 36

aScores are reversed for interpretation

bCIS20r fatigue enrollment scores differed incidentally from baseline scores used in this article; CIS20r-fatigue = 14 appeared in 1 participant

cUsed as an inclusion criterion; EDSS 0–6