Table 4.

Text mining rules

Topic	Research question	Notes	Rules
Characteristics of enterprise	Company name URL(s)		Manual
Year of establishment	When was the company established?		Manual
Location	Where is the company located? Which countries does the company operate in?		Manual
Lines of business	What are the company’s main lines of business?	E.g., manufacturing, services	Rule 1: (manufactur* OR produc*)
			Rule 2: (consult* OR |servic*)
			Manually clean
Graphene targets and value-stream position	What graphene products or applications does the company offer (e.g., products preceded by graphene or with nearby mention of graphene)?	There are four categories:	Rule 1: (GNP OR graphene* dispersion OR graphene* powder OR nano* platelets) NEARBY (develop* OR introduce* OR *manuf* OR produc* OR provide*)
		1. Material Producers: they produce the
		2. Material or flake
		3. Intermediate products
		4. Equipment
		5. Graphene-enabled final products
			Rule 2: (functional* OR ink* OR master*batch*) NEARBY (develop* OR introduce* OR manuf* OR produc* OR provide*)
			Rule 3: (equipment* OR tool* OR CVD) NEARBY (develop* OR introduce* OR manuf* OR produc* OR provide*)
			Rule 4: (consumer*) NEARBY (develop* OR introduce* OR manuf* OR produc* OR provide*)
			Manually clean
Graphene functionality	What functional characteristics of graphene are highlighted	Graphene NEAR faster, quicker, stronger, thermal, stiffness, elasticity, flexibility, conductivity, transparency, permeability, protective, barrier, etc.	Extract nearby word to “graphene”
			List clean-up (with stemming) adjectives
		see http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/story/properties/
Graphene production method	What graphene production method is being used?	CVD, chemical vapor deposition, SiC, sicon carbide synthesis, exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, molecular assembly	Rule: keywords:
			Epitax*
			Exfoliation
			Intercal*
			Molecular assembly*
			Reductio*
			Unzip*
			Deposition
			CVD
			Nanotube*
			Manually clean
		See here for production methods (and also properties/functionality)
		http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=34184.php
Other 2-D materials	What 2-D materials does the company offer	(2D; two-dimensional; atomic-scale thickness; atomically thin crystals) AND/OR (boron nitride, hBn, h-BN; transition metal dichalcogenides, TMD; complex oxides) AND NOT graphene	Rule: (boron nitride OR oxide OR Germanane OR h-BN OR HBN OR hBn OR MDS OR metal dichalcogenides OR Molybdenum disulfide OR MoS2 OR Silicene OR TMD)
		See a list non-comprehensive list here: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/nn400280c
			Manually clean
Graphene intensity	What is the “graphene intensity” of the company’s products or applications?	(Mentions of graphene in products)/(all mentions of products)	Rule: count number of times graphene appears/total words
Research and development	Does the company undertake research (R&D)? Are there products or applications under development, if yes what products and applications?		Rule: (development*activity OR development*cent* OR development*cycle OR development*efforts OR development*facility* OR development*phase OR development*process* OR development*program* OR development*project* OR development*research OR lab* OR product*development* OR R&D OR research* OR research& OR *development OR Research*development OR RnD OR science* OR scientist* OR technical*development* OR technological*development* OR technology*development*)
			Manually clean
Markets	How does the company market its products?		Rule 1 = ($* OR *shop* OR £* OR €* NOT (workshop*))
			Manually clean
Government linkages	What governmental support has been provided to the company? (Government grants, subsidies, participation in government or quasi-governmental programs)		Rule: policy* OR policies OR government* OR regulate*
			Manually clean
Business linkages	What other businesses does the enterprise link with and what forms are those linkages?	E.g., joint ventures; partnerships; supply chain linkages; discussion of relationships with customers	Rule: (agreement OR alliance* OR association* OR joint*venture* OR partner* OR co*operation*)
			Manually clean
University linkages	What are the enterprise’s links with universities and colleges? And what forms do these links take?		Rule: university*
			Manually clean
Finance	What sources of private sector finance are highlighted?		Capital*
			Equity*
			Funding*
			Venture*capital*
			Manually clean
Nobel	Do they mention the Nobel Prize (related to graphene)?		Rule: (geim* OR novoselov* OR nobel prize*)
			Manually clean
Social media	What social media methods are used?	Twitter; Facebook; Linked-in; Other (Google Plus, YouTube, Vimeo, Flickr)	Rule: (blog* OR *facebook* OR linked*in* OR twitter* OR youtube*)
			Manually clean