Table 2. Summary of notation and definitions.

Notation	Definition
K	No. of mutants
D	Total no. of reads per sampling time point (sequencing depth)
$c_i$	Initial population size of mutant i
$r_i$	(Exponential) growth rate of mutant i
$N_i\left(t\right)$	No. of mutants of type i at time t
$n\left(t\right)=\left(n_1\left(t\right),n_2\left(t\right),\dots ,n_K\left(t\right)\right)$	Vector of the observed no. of sequencing reads sampled at time t
$p_i\left(t\right)$	Relative frequency of mutant i at time t
τ	No. of samples taken
$t_{\tau }$	Duration of the experiment
T	No. of sampling time points $\left(\tau =T,t_{\tau }=T-1\right)$
$s_i=r_i-r_1$	Selection coefficient of mutant i