Table 7.
Timing of occurrence of maximum biomarker before AKI diagnosis by serum creatinine criteria
| Biomarker | Median Time (Range), d | Mean Time±SD, d | Presented Maximum (or Minimuma) Values Any Time Before AKI Diagnosis, n/n (%) | Presented Maximum (or Minimuma) Values on, or the Day Before, AKI Diagnosis, n/n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin | 1 (−4, 2) | 0.8±1.6 | 15/27 (56) | 21/27 (78) |
| B2M | 1 (−4, 2) | 1.4±1.7 | 18/27 (66) | 21/27 (78) |
| Calbindin | 0 (−4, 2) | 0.8±1.6 | 12/27 (44) | 22/27 (81) |
| Clusterin | 0 (−4, 2) | 0.5±1.4 | 15/27 (56) | 22/27 (81) |
| Cystatin C | 1 (−4, 1) | 0.8±1.4 | 13/27 (48) | 22/27 (81) |
| EGFa | 1 (−4, 2) | 1.3±1.7 | 12/27 (44) | 22/27 (81) |
| α-GST | 1 (−4, 1) | 0.9±1.4 | 14/27 (52) | 21/27 (78) |
| KIM-1 | 1 (−4, 2) | 0.9±1.5 | 16/27 (59) | 23/27 (85) |
| NGAL | 0 (−4, 1) | 0.7±1.6 | 12/27 (44) | 21/27 (78) |
| OPN | 1 (−3, 2) | 0.7±1.2 | 15/27 (56) | 23/27 (85) |
| Osteoactivin | 0 (−3, 1) | 0.7±1.5 | 13/27 (38) | 21/27 (78) |
| TFF3 | 0 (−3, 2) | 0.6±1.4 | 12/27 (44) | 21/27 (78) |
| VEGF | 1 (−3, 1) | 0.7±1.5 | 14/27 (52) | 21/27 (78) |
| UMODa | 1 (−4, 2) | 1.3±1.8 | 19/27 (70) | 22/27 (81) |
Day of AKI diagnosis: median, 4; range, 2–5; mean, 3.4; SD, 1.1. Unless otherwise noted, values are maximum biomarker levels. B2M, β2-microglobulin; EGF, epithelial growth factor; α-GST, α-glutathione-S-transferase; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule 1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; OPN, osteopontin; TFF3, trefoil factor 3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; UMOD, uromodulin.
a
Minimum values.