Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pericytes have greater proliferation and survival compared with healthy donor cells. A: Cell growth was evaluated by the MTS assay on days 1, 2, and 3 of culture. All values were normalized to the cells after 48 hours of starvation medium. B: Serum-starved cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on day 3 after the addition of serum of 12 and 24 hours. The percentage of cells in the G1, S, and G2/M phases is indicated. C: DNA analysis of control and PAH pericytes in 12 hours and 24 hours by BrdU. D: Cell apoptosis was evaluated by caspase 3/7 assay on days 1, 2, and 3 of culture. All values were normalized to the cells after 48 hours of starvation medium. E: Cell apoptosis level was further evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay on days 1, 2, and 3 of culture. All values were normalized after 48 hours of starvation. Average TUNEL-positive cells per field obtained from six independent microscopic fields. All experiments performed were repeated three times ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus control using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett's posttest. Ctrl, control.