Table 3. Differences between HbA1c groups in DNA damage, BER capacity, oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities.
| HbA1c≤7.5% (n = 74) | HbA1c>7.5% (n = 72) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value1 | |
| DNA damage (PBMC) | |||
| Strand breaks [% Tail DNA] | 6.36 ± 3.0 | 6.36 ± 3.8 | .998 |
| FPG-sensitive sites [% Tail DNA] | 4.50 ± 3.0 | 4.61 ± 2.7 | .820 |
| DNA damage (whole blood) | |||
| Strand breaks [% Tail DNA] | 8.09 ± 5.3 | 8.77 ± 5.3 | .437 |
| FPG-sensitive sites [% Tail DNA] | 5.82 ± 5.0 | 5.59 ± 4.0 | .759 |
| DNA repair | |||
| repair capacity [% Tail DNA] | 12.34 ± 3.5 | 11.84 ± 3.8 | .417 |
| Oxidative stress marker | |||
| FRAP [μmol/L] | 359.5 ± 127 | 391.9 ± 228 | .290 |
| Malondialdehyde [μmol/L] | 1.02 ± 0.4 | 1.06 ± 0.4 | .594 |
| reduced thiols [μmol/L] | 532.4 ± 92 | 512.7 ± 87 | .185 |
| GSSG [μmol/L] | 9.50 ± 1.5 | 9.60 ± 1.6 | .721 |
| GSH [μmol/L] | 13.89 ± 2.2 | 13.77 ± 2.2 | .746 |
| GSSG / GSH | 0.70 ± 0.2 | 0.71 ± 0.2 | .744 |
| oxLDL [ng/ml] | 151.8 ± 149 | 156.1 ± 202 | .844 |
| F2-Isoprostane [pg/ml] | 209.0 ± 95 | 211.7 ± 90 | .615 |
| Enzymes | |||
| SOD [IU/g Hb] | 1674 ± 295 | 1667 ± 255 | .701 |
| CAT [IU/g Hb] | 16.87 ± 4.6 | 17.48 ± 3.8 | .382 |
| GSH-Px [IU/g Hb] | 34.14 ± 6.5 | 35.31 ± 7.6 | .318 |
1 differences between groups were analyzed with t-test for independent variables or Mann-Whitney-U test for nonparametric variables
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; FRAP, ferric reducing ability potential; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GSH, reduced glutathione; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase