Table 1.
Regulation of Ca2+ transport-related proteins in DMD muscles
| Ca2+ transport-related proteins | Regulation in DMD muscles | Role in Ca2+ transport | Activator | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOCE machinery | ||||
| STIM | → | Calcium sensor in ER/SR membrane and activator of Orai1 | Depletion of Ca2+ stores in ER/SR | 30 |
| Orai1 | ↑ | Calcium channel in plasma membrane | ||
| TRPC channels | ||||
| TRPC1 | ↑ | Calcium channels in plasma membrane | ROS production and Src kinase activation | 30, 32 |
| TRPC3 | ↑ | |||
| TRPC6 | ↑ | |||
| TRPV channels | ||||
| TRPV1 | Unknown | Calcium channels in plasma membrane | ROS production | 33 |
| TRPV2 | ↑ | Stretch of plasma membrane | ||
| TRPV4 | Unknown | Phospholipase A2 | ||
| Ryanodine receptor | ||||
| RyR1 | ↑ | Calcium channel in SR | ROS production | 41 |
Abbreviations: DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RyR, ryanodine receptor; SOCE, store-operated Ca2+ entry; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum; STIM, stromal interaction molecule; TRP, transient receptor potential; TRPC, TRP canonical; TRPV, TRP vanilloid.