Table 3. Predictive performance of baseline amino acids and combined scores in discriminating individuals who developed diabetes in 10 years (T2D, n = 51) from those who remained metabolically healthy (NGT, n = 162).

Amino acids and combined scores	p1	FC	Basic logistic model
			Crude OR (95% CI)	p2
Valine	<0.001	2.52	1.83 (1.51, 2.23)	<0.001
Leucine	<0.001	2.06	1.94 (1.37, 2.76)	<0.001
Isoleucine	<0.001	2.60	1.50 (1.27, 1.83)	<0.001
Phenylalanine	<0.001	2.01	1.42 (1.18, 1.71)	<0.001
Tyrosine	<0.001	2.28	1.50 (1.24, 1.81)	<0.001
Tryptophan	<0.001	2.60	2.00 (1.65, 2.41)	<0.001
5AAs-Combined score	<0.001	2.72	1.47 (1.25, 1.75)	<0.001
6AAs-Combined score	<0.001	3.73	3.50(1.85, 6.60)	<0.001

Abbreviations: 5AAs-Combined score: the combined score derived from the abundance of 5 AAs (valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine); 6AAs-Combined score: the combined score derived from the abundance of 6 AAs (valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan).

p1 was the p value from Mann Whitney U test compared T2D and NGT.

FC (fold change) represents the mean ratio of T2D to NGT.

Crude odds ratio (Crude OR) and confidence interval (CI) per s.d., and p2 were from basic logistic regression models and S.D. scaled data.