Skip to main content
. 2016 Sep 1;24(5):543–551. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.205

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

VBME suppresses LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK (A), ERK 1/2 (B), p38 (C) MAPKs, PI3K/Akt (D), and GSK-3β (E) in BV-2 microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of VBME for 30 min and then exposed to 100 ng/ml LPS for 1 h. The protein levels of JNK, ERK 1/2, p38 MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and GSK-3β were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Densitometric results are presented as means ± SEMs (n=3) of three independent experiments. ***p<0.001 compared with the control group. ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 compared with the LPS-treated group.