Table 3.

Parameter estimates, standard errors and p-values in the joint multi-state model on the pooled data (N = 1474).

	Longitudinal Process				Multi-state Process
	Value	StdErr	p-value		Value	StdErr	p-value
β0	−0.26	0.06	< 0.001	γ02,iPSA	0.35	0.08	< 0.001
β0,iPSA	0.80	0.03	< 0.001	γ04,iPSA	0.25	0.08	0.001
β0,cohort	−0.01	0.02	0.541	γ(13,14,23,24,34),iPSA	−0.25	0.08	0.001
β1	0.70	0.14	< 0.001	γ(01,03,23),tstage2	0.92	0.18	< 0.001
β1,iPSA	0.89	0.06	< 0.001	γ(01,03,23),tstage3–4	0.76	0.23	0.001
β1,tstage2	0.38	0.08	< 0.001	γ(12,14,34),tstage2	−0.11	0.25	0.659
β1,tstage3–4	0.47	0.13	< 0.001	γ(12,14,34),tstage3–4	0.33	0.30	0.271
β1,cohort	−0.04	0.04	0.346	γ(03,23)gleason7	0.95	0.25	< 0.001
β2	−0.19	0.04	< 0.001	γ(03,23)gleason8–10	0.07	0.43	0.873
β2,iPSA	0.19	0.02	< 0.001	γ(01,14,24,34),cohort	−0.42	0.06	< 0.001
β2,tstage2	0.14	0.02	< 0.001	γ(13,23),cohort	0.88	0.17	< 0.001
β2,tstage3–4	0.26	0.04	< 0.001	ζ(12,13)	4.19	0.38	< 0.001
β2,gleason7	0.07	0.02	< 0.001	ζ23	3.08	0.53	< 0.001
β2,gleason8–10	0.22	0.04	< 0.001	η01,level	0.36	0.09	< 0.001
β2,cohort	−0.06	0.01	< 0.001	η02,level	0.50	0.07	< 0.001
log(σ)	−1.30	0.01		η03,level	0.42	0.12	< 0.001
				η04,level	−0.15	0.05	0.005
D11	0.37	0.02		η12,level	−0.17	0.10	0.095
D12	0.01	0.01		η13,level	−0.43	0.20	0.033
D13	0.35	0.03		η14,level	0.10	0.14	0.456
D22	0.14	0.01		η23,level	−0.17	0.10	0.081
D23	0.25	0.02		η24,level	0.05	0.05	0.346
D33	1.70	0.09		η34,level	0.02	0.08	0.813
				η01,slope	2.63	0.31	< 0.001
				η02,slope	3.11	0.25	< 0.001
				η03,slope	2.68	0.55	< 0.001
				η04,slope	0.92	0.34	0.007
				η12,slope	2.16	0.63	0.001
				η13,slope	3.44	0.83	< 0.001
				η14,slope	−0.22	1.27	0.864
				η23,slope	1.13	0.68	0.099
				η24,slope	0.21	0.52	0.692
				η34,slope	−0.56	0.78	0.472

D_ij denotes the i j-element of the random effect covariance matrix. γ_{(hk,h′k′),X} denotes the common effect of covariate X on the intensities of transitions h → k and h′ → k′, i.e.γ_{(hk,h′k′),X} = γ_hk,X = γ_h′k′,X. Similarly, ζ_(12,13) = ζ₁₂ = ζ₁₃.