Table 1.

Published Randomized Controlled TrialsEvaluating Biologic Therapies for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Human Subjects

Study	Target pathway	Drug name	Drug type and mechanism of action	Study population	Efficacy of therapeutic intervention
Gevaert et al, 2013 (36)	IgE	Omalizumab	Monoclonal antibody binding to IgE	CRSwNP with comorbid asthma (n = 24)	Reduced total nasal endoscopic polyp scores and Lund-MacKay scores on radiologic imaging; improved disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire scores
Pinto et al, 2010 (37)	IgE	Omalizumab	Monoclonal antibody binding to IgE	CRS, nonspecific for CRSwNP or CRSsNP (n = 14)	Did not show significant clinical impact
Gevaert et al, 2011 (43)	IL-5	Mepolizumab	Monoclonal antibody binding to IL-5	CRSwNP refractory to corticosteroid therapy (n = 30)	Reduced endoscopic nasal polyp score and computed tomography scan scores
Gevaert et al, 2006 (42)	IL-5	Reslizumab	Monoclonal antibody binding to IL-5	CRSwNP (n = 24)	Reduced polyp size and blood eosinophil levels and improved patient-reported symptom scores
Bachert et al, 2016 (57)	IL-4/IL-13	Dupilumab	Monoclonal antibody binding to IL- 4Rα	CRSwNP refractory to intranasal corticosteroid therapy (n = 60)	Reduced nasal polyp burden and Lund-Mackay scores; improved both olfactory and disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire scores