Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the LIFE study sample at baseline, by education group
| Physical activity group | Health education group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | ≤ High school (K–12) | College (13–17) | Postgraduate | p Value* | ≤ High school (K–12) | College (13–17) | Postgraduate | p Value* | |
| N (%) | 273 (33.4) | 345 (42.2) | 199 (24.4) | 263 (32.4) | 338 (41.6) | 212 (26.1) | |||
| Age (years) | 78.5 (5.1) | 78.7 (5.4) | 78.9 (5.2) | 0.73 | 79.0 (5.1) | 79.2 (5.2) | 78.9 (5.4) | 0.84 | |
| Women (%) | 207 (75.8) | 223 (64.6) | 116 (58.3) | 0.001 | 199 (75.7) | 225 (66.6) | 126 (59.4) | 0.001 | |
| Race (% non-white) | 85 (31.4) | 68 (19.8) | 37 (18.6) | 0.001 | 65 (24.9) | 47 (13.9) | 40 (19.0) | 0.003 | |
| Income ≥$50k (%) | 44 (18.4) | 104 (33.7) | 94 (53.4) | 0.001 | 35 (15.1) | 95 (32.2) | 100 (51.8) | 0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 (5.8) | 29.9 (5.7) | 29.7 (5.7) | 0.25 | 31.0 (6.2) | 29.9 (6.1) | 30.2 (6.5) | 0.08 | |
| Conditions (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 210 (77.2) | 226 (66.1) | 137 (68.8) | 0.009 | 207 (78.7) | 231 (69.0) | 139 (67.5) | 0.009 | |
| Diabetes | 88 (32.4) | 86 (25.0) | 42 (21.1) | 0.02 | 80 (30.4) | 92 (27.3) | 60 (28.7) | 0.80 | |
| Myocardial infarction | 25 (9.2) | 24 (7.0) | 11 (5.5) | 0.31 | 20 (7.6) | 27 (8.0) | 21 (10.0) | 0.60 | |
| Stroke | 23 (8.5) | 21 (6.1) | 13 (6.5) | 0.51 | 15 (5.7) | 24 (7.1) | 13 (6.2) | 0.77 | |
| Cancer | 55 (20.2) | 73 (21.3) | 50 (25.1) | 0.42 | 49 (18.6) | 76 (22.5) | 65 (31.0) | 0.006 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 54 (19.8) | 45 (13.1) | 31 (15.6) | 0.08 | 48 (18.3) | 44 (13.1) | 30 (14.3) | 0.21 | |
| 3MSE score, 0–100 scale | 89.5 (5.7) | 92.0 (5.2) | 93.5 (4.8) | 0.001 | 89.6 (5.8) | 91.9 (4.8) | 93.7 (4.7) | 0.001 | |
| Walking/weight activities (min/week) | 77.3 (134.5) | 63.1 (106.8) | 92.1 (140.6) | 0.032 | 84.6 (131.3) | 85.8 (137.2) | 90.1 (134.4) | 0.90 | |
| Sedentary time (min/day) | 628.1 (120.4) | 641.2 (109.5) | 678.5 (114.6) | 0.001 | 632.7 (110.6) | 645.9 (114.5) | 646.0 (107.2) | 0.37 | |
| Lower light-intensity activity (min/day) | 173.7 (54.5) | 160.7 (51.1) | 152.1 (53.0) | 0.001 | 172.5 (51.5) | 158.6 (57.1) | 160.5 (52.8) | 0.02 | |
| Higher light-intensity activity (min/day) | 27.7 (21.1) | 27.4 (21.7) | 27.0 (24.8) | 0.96 | 28.5 (28.9) | 27.6 (25.6) | 28.3 (23.4) | 0.93 | |
| SPPB score | 7.4 (1.5) | 7.5 (1.6) | 7.5 (1.6) | 0.83 | 7.3 (1.6) | 7.3 (1.6) | 7.4 (1.6) | 0.65 | |
| 400 m walking speed, m/s | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.06 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.50 | |
Results are presented as mean (SD) or as n (%).
*Comparison of education groups using ANOVA or χ2 tests; all accelerometry measures were adjusted for wear time; accelerometer cut points were as follows: sedentary: 100 counts/min; lower light: 100–760 light; higher light: >760 counts/min.
3MSE, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; LIFE, Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.