Table 8: Lifestyle and Medical Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope According to the Heart Rhythm Society.

Recommendation	CoR	LoE
Education, reassurance and encouraging salt and fluid intake are indicated in patients with vasovagal syncope where not contraindicated.	I	E
Reducing or withdrawing medications that may cause hypotension can be beneficial in patients with vasovagal syncope.	IIa	E
Physical counterpressure manoeuvres can be useful in patients with vasovagal syncope who have a sufficiently long prodromal period.	IIa	B-R
Fludrocortisone might be reasonable in patients with frequent vasovagal syncope who lack contraindications to its use.	IIb	E
β-blockers might be considered in patients with frequent vasovagal syncope over age 40.	IIb	B-R
Midodrine might be reasonable in patients with frequent vasovagal syncope and no hypertension or urinary retention.	IIb	B-R

CoR = class of recommendation; LOE = level of evidence.[1]