Figure 1.

Timeline of a single trial. Each round began with the presentation of Stage A as an RSVP of words, which only contained introductory information about the scenario. Following Stage A, subjects were presented with the first of three intervening math tasks, which spanned the durations of each ISI. Subjects were then presented Stage B and Stage C, which contained the harm and mental state information, respectively, in randomized order. In the last stage (Stage D), subjects were probed for their punishment response. The variable ITI lasted for a duration of 3–15 s, with the last 2 s accompanied by a larger fixation square. Var, Variable.