Table 1.

Example of one theme and the multiple derivative scenarios^a

Illustrative theme (planks and bikes): four “mental state first” variations
Introductory sentence: John is hauling planks to his cabin because he is in the middle of doing carpentry work on his house, which abuts a public mountain bike trail
Purposeful mental state: Angry with the mountain bikers for making too much noise when biking past his house, John desires to injure some bikers by dropping planks on their trail so that they would hit them	Reckless mental state: John drops some planks onto the trail without retrieving them because he's in a rush, even though he is aware there is a substantial risk bikers will hit them and be injured	Negligent mental state: While John is carrying planks to his workshop in order to begin building new steps for his house, he drops some of the wood planks onto the bike trail without even noticing	Blameless mental state: While John is carefully carrying some planks from his shed to the backyard, an unexpectedly strong gust of wind causes John to inadvertently drop several planks, despite his best efforts not to
Harm sentence: Soon after John drops the planks, two bikers pass by and they hit the planks, which causes them to flip over their handlebars and one of the bikers suffers serious injuries as a result
Illustrative theme (planks and bikes): four “harm first” variations
Introductory sentence: John is hauling planks to his cabin because he is in the middle of doing carpentry work on his house, which abuts a public mountain bike trail
Purposeful mental state: Angry with the mountain bikers for making too much noise when biking past his house, John had desired to injure some bikers by dropping planks on the trail so that they would hit them	Reckless mental state: John had dropped some planks onto the trail without retrieving them because he was in a rush, even though he was aware there was a substantial risk some bikers would hit them and be injured	Negligent mental state: While John was carrying planks to his workshop in order to begin building new steps for his house, he had dropped some of the wood planks onto the bike trail without even noticing	Blameless mental state: While John was carefully carrying planks from his shed to the backyard, he slipped on some mud, which caused him to unknowingly drop several planks, despite his best efforts not to
Harm sentence: Soon after John crosses the trail, two bikers pass by and they hit planks that John dropped onto the trail, which causes them to flip over their handlebars and one of the bikers suffers serious injuries as a result

^aSubjects evaluated only 1 of the possible 8 scenarios for each theme.