Table 8.

Regions showing significant activation for the conjunction contrast between Stage D and all other task stages^a

Region	Talairach coordinates			t	p	Size	Correlation with decoding RT		Main effect of punishment amount		Punishment decoding (D)		Punishment decoding (C)
	X	Y	Z				t	p	F	p	t	p	t	p
L VLPFC	−48	42	1	6.42	2.0E-6	30	273.88	<1.0E-6b	0.73	0.68	0.42	0.34	−0.44	0.67
L IFG	−45	14	−7	6.07	4.0E-6	50	118.14	<1.0E-6b	2.16	0.30	−0.66	0.30	0.04	0.97
Medial frontal gyrus	3	18	53	5.46	1.8E-5	148	96.17	<1.0E-6b	1.67	0.39	1.47	0.11	0.16	0.88
Visual	6	−63	1	13.37	<1.0E-6	5510	175.23	<1.0E-6b	1.26	0.39	7.25b	2.8E-06b	1.96	0.06
R DLPFC	36	45	26	4.91	6.6E-5	95	192.78	<1.0E-6b	1.32	0.39	2.92b	0.02b	2.80b	0.01b
R IFG	39	21	−2	5.29	2.6E-5	22	163.83	<1.0E-6b	1.00	0.53	1.79	0.10	−1.58	0.13
R Motor	39	3	52	5.77	8.0E-6	126	89.55	<1.0E-6b	1.44	0.39	1.57	0.11	1.08	0.29

^aWhole-brain contrast corrected at q(FDR) = 0.05. Correlation with decoding RT column tests whether there is a significant effect of Stage D RT on activity in the identified regions. Main effect of punishment amount column tests for a main effect on activity in each ROI as a function of subjects punishment quantities. Punishment decoding (D) column reports the significance of MVPA decoding of punishment amount during the decision stage in each of these regions compared with chance. Punishment decoding (C) column reports the same for Stage C. All ROI analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. VLPFC, Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

^bStatistically significant correlation with decision RT, statistically significant main effect of punishment amount, or significant punishment amount classification accuracy.