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. 2016 Sep 7;36(36):9420–9434. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4499-15.2016

Table 8.

Regions showing significant activation for the conjunction contrast between Stage D and all other task stagesa

Region Talairach coordinates
t p Size Correlation with decoding RT
Main effect of punishment amount
Punishment decoding (D)
Punishment decoding (C)
X Y Z t p F p t p t p
L VLPFC −48 42 1 6.42 2.0E-6 30 273.88 <1.0E-6b 0.73 0.68 0.42 0.34 −0.44 0.67
L IFG −45 14 −7 6.07 4.0E-6 50 118.14 <1.0E-6b 2.16 0.30 −0.66 0.30 0.04 0.97
Medial frontal gyrus 3 18 53 5.46 1.8E-5 148 96.17 <1.0E-6b 1.67 0.39 1.47 0.11 0.16 0.88
Visual 6 −63 1 13.37 <1.0E-6 5510 175.23 <1.0E-6b 1.26 0.39 7.25b 2.8E-06b 1.96 0.06
R DLPFC 36 45 26 4.91 6.6E-5 95 192.78 <1.0E-6b 1.32 0.39 2.92b 0.02b 2.80b 0.01b
R IFG 39 21 −2 5.29 2.6E-5 22 163.83 <1.0E-6b 1.00 0.53 1.79 0.10 −1.58 0.13
R Motor 39 3 52 5.77 8.0E-6 126 89.55 <1.0E-6b 1.44 0.39 1.57 0.11 1.08 0.29

aWhole-brain contrast corrected at q(FDR) = 0.05. Correlation with decoding RT column tests whether there is a significant effect of Stage D RT on activity in the identified regions. Main effect of punishment amount column tests for a main effect on activity in each ROI as a function of subjects punishment quantities. Punishment decoding (D) column reports the significance of MVPA decoding of punishment amount during the decision stage in each of these regions compared with chance. Punishment decoding (C) column reports the same for Stage C. All ROI analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. VLPFC, Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

bStatistically significant correlation with decision RT, statistically significant main effect of punishment amount, or significant punishment amount classification accuracy.