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Effect of exercise on osteoclastogenic cytokine production. Exercise attenuated the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in both PHA− and PHA+ cultures. IL1-α values also fell in PHA+ cultures. Preexercise values are represented by the white columns and postexercise values by the black columns. Results are given as the mean ± SEM. ∗ indicates a p value of <.05 (two-sided t-test for dependent samples). PHA: phytohemagglutinin.
