Table 1.
Risk factors for osteoporosis∗.
| Men (n = 18) | Women (n = 25) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48.1 (8.0) | 49.7 (7.2) |
| Estradiol deficiencya | 4 (28%) | 15 (60%) |
| Inactivityb | 11 (61%) | 16 (64%) |
| Smoking | 1 (6%) | 4 (16%) |
| Alcoholc | 9 (50%) | 9 (36%) |
∗Of the women, 68% were amenorrheic (44%, postmenopausal; 24%, posthysterectomy and oophorectomy). Of the amenorrheic women, 71% were taking estrogen replacement medication.
Eight percent of women had five risk factors, 12% had four risk factors, 24% had three risk factors, 36% had two risk factors, 16% had one risk factor, and 4% had no risk factors for osteoporosis. Fifty percent of men had one risk factor and 50% had two risk factors for osteoporosis. Twenty-four percent of women and 28% of men were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). None of the subjects were hyperthyroid or taking glucocorticoids.
aNormal values: men, 15–60 pg/mL; premenopausal women, 15–400 pg/mL (follicular phase, 15–120 pg/mL; ovulation, 200–400 pg/mL; luteal phase, 175–325 pg/mL); postmenopausal women, 0–40 pg/mL. bNo regular physical activity for ≥1 year. cFive or more alcoholic beverages/week. Enrollment 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were normal (≥20 ng/mL) in all subjects.