Table 3.
Determinants of complete immunisation
| Characteristics | Not/partially immunised n=716 |
Completely immunised n=627 |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p Value |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 344 (48.04) | 353 (56.30) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 372 (51.96) | 274 (43.70) | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.87) 0.002 |
0.70 (0.55 to 0.89) 0.003 |
| Mother's age (years) | ||||
| ≤25 | 359 (50.07) | 340 (54.14) | 1 | 1 |
| >25 | 358 (49.93) | 288 (45.86) | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.06) 0.151 |
0.84 (0.64 to 1.09) 0.2 |
| Birth order | ||||
| First child | 198 (27.65) | 225 (35.89) | 1 | 1 |
| Second or higher | 518 (72.35) | 402 (64.11) | 0.69 (0.54 to 0.87) 0.002 |
0.83 (0.62 to 1.11) 0.21 |
| Mother's literacy | ||||
| Illiterate | 239 (33.38) | 104 (16.59) | 1 | 1 |
| Literate | 477 (66.62) | 523 (83.41) | 2.44 (1.86 to 3.20) <0.001 |
1.58 (1.15 to 2.16) 0.004 |
| Father's literacy | ||||
| Illiterate | 91 (12.71) | 44 (7.02) | 1 | 1 |
| Literate | 625 (87.29) | 583 (92.98) | 1.74 (1.17 to 2.57) 0.005 |
0.90 (0.58 to 1.41) 0.66 |
| Family type | ||||
| Non-nuclear | 172 (24.02) | 211 (33.65) | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear | 544 (75.98) | 416 (66.35) | 0.59 (0.46 to 0.76) <0.001 |
0.88 (0.63 to 1.22) 0.44 |
| Family size | ||||
| ≤5 members | 463 (64.7) | 375 (59.8) | 1 | 1 |
| >5 members | 253 (35.3) | 252 (40.2) | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.54) 0.073 |
0.81 (0.60 to 1.09) 0.17 |
| Place of birth | ||||
| Outside Delhi | 254 (35.47) | 91 (14.51) | 1 | 1 |
| Within Delhi | 462 (64.53) | 536 (85.49) | 3.45 (2.60 to 4.56) < 0.001 |
2.7 (1.97 to 3.65) <0.001 |
| Place of childbirth | ||||
| Home | 310 (43.30) | 169 (26.95) | 1 | 1 |
| Facility | 406 (56.70) | 458 (73.05) | 1.95 (1.53 to 2.47) <0.001 |
1.55 (1.19 to 2.02) 0.001 |
| Religion | ||||
| Non-Muslim | 580 (81.01) | 558 (89.00) | 1 | 1 |
| Muslim | 136 (18.99) | 69 (11.00) | 0.54 (0.39 to 0.76) <0.001 |
0.65 (0.45 to 0.94) 0.023 |
| Caste | ||||
| SC/ST (ref) | 295 (41) | 248 (40) | 1 | 1 |
| OBC | 176 (24.6) | 125 (20) | 0.83 (0.61 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.25) |
| General | 245 (34.2) | 254 (40.5) | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.5) 0.075 |
1.09 (0.82 to 1.44) 0.5 |
| Socioeconomic position | ||||
| 0 (poorest) | 177 (24.72) | 66 (10.53) | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 180 (25.14) | 107 (17.07) | 1.56 (1.06 to 2.27) | 1.3 (0.87 to 1.97) |
| 2 | 142 (19.83) | 124 (19.78) | 2.34 (1.60 to 3.43) | 1.57 (1.03 to 2.38) |
| 3 | 118 (16.48) | 141 (22.49) | 3.23 (2.20 to 4.74) | 1 (1.29 to 3.097) |
| 4 (least poor) | 99 (13.83) | 189 (30.14) | 4.85 (3.29 to 7.16) <0.001 |
2.46 (1.5 to 4.02) 0.005 |
| Living in Delhi | ||||
| <10 years | 105 (14.66) | 51 (8.13) | 1 | 1 |
| More than10 years | 611 (85.34) | 576 (91.87) | 2.01 (1.39 to 2.90) <0.001 |
1.1 (0.72 to 1.67) 0.66 |
| Aadhar card | ||||
| No | 199 (27.79) | 114 (18.18) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 517 (72.21) | 513 (81.82) | 1.90 (1.45 to 2.50) <0.001 |
1.09 (0.79 to 1.5) 0.59 |
| Birth certificate | ||||
| No | 201 (28) | 92 (14.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 516 (72) | 536 (85.3) | 2.28 (1.71 to 3.02) <0.001 |
1.40 (1.03 to 1.91) 0.033 |
| Cluster vulnerability score (0–10) | − | − | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.93) 0.001 |
0.91 (0.81 to 1) 0.07 |
| Distance to PUHC in km | − | − | 0.90 (0.53 to 1.5) 0.69 |
1.12 (0.67 to 1.88) 0.65 |
ICC for immunisation was 0.05 (95% CI 0.024 to 0.102); MOR=1.5. Conditional ICC of the final model=0.026, MOR=1.32.
(MOR is a measure of residual cluster-level heterogeneity. When we compare two children from randomly chosen different clusters, with the same covariates, MOR is the MOR between the child of higher odds and child of lower odds.)
ICC, intracluster correlation coefficient; MOR, median OR; OBC, other backward class; PUHC, Primary Urban Health Centre; SC, scheduled caste; ST, scheduled tribe.