Table 7.

Strategies in dealing with BA0E studies

Approaches	Scenarios
Including BA0E studies	No evidence of the presence of treatment effects Strong rationale on seeking the most conservative estimates of the treatment effect for beneficial outcomes when evaluating new drugs or interventions The magnitude of the treatment effects is unclear when evaluating beneficial outcomes
Excluding BA0E studies with Peto method	Evidence of the presence of treatment effects Evaluating harmful outcomes such as mortality, mobility or adverse events

BA0E, both-armed zero-event.