Fig. 5.

HBEC isolated from smokers have impaired IAV-stimulated antiviral cytokine and RIG-I protein induction. The cells from nonsmokers were treated with or without 2 % CSE for 24 h. After infection of HBEC cells from nonsmokers and smokers with IAV at an MOI of 1 for 24 h, supernatants and cells were collected. (a) Cytokine IP-10 and IFN λ2/3 expression in the supernatant was assessed by ELISA. (b) RIG-I protein expression in HBEC was detected by immunoblotting, normalized to GAPDH. Data were expressed as the means ± SEM from four separate experiments from different donors. * denotes significant difference compared to data from the IAV infected cells from nonsmokers (NS + IAV), P < 0.05. # denotes no significant difference compared to data from the IAV infected cells from nonsmokers (NS + IAV)