Table 5.

Multivariate analysis of factors contributing to clinical and laboratory features

Age at disease onset	β	t value	p value
Region (northern Japan)	−0.0918	−1.94	NS
Sex (female)	−0.0127	−0.27	NS
HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele (+)	−0.1970	−4.12	<0.0001
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele (+)	−0.0239	−0.50	NS
MSSS (Q1/Q2–Q4)	Adjusted OR	95 % CI	p value
Region (northern Japan)	3.64	2.15–6.33	<0.0001
Sex (female)	0.98	0.55–1.76	NS
Age at onset	0.97	0.95–0.99	0.0159
SPMS	0.06	0.009–0.20	<0.0001
ARR	0.15	0.07 − 0.31	<0.0001
HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele (+)	1.81	1.07–3.07	0.0266
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele (+)	1.46	0.83–2.56	NS
Benign MS	Adjusted OR	95 % CI	p value
Region (northern Japan)	2.63	1.18–6.09	0.0206
Sex (female)	0.87	0.37–2.00	NS
Age at onset	0.97	0.94–1.01	NS
SPMS	0.04	0.008–0.12	<0.0001
ARR	0.43	0.11–1.42	NS
HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele (+)	2.49	1.12–5.74	0.0275
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele (+)	1.72	0.76–4.04	NS
Barkhof criteria	Adjusted OR	95 % CI	p value
Region (northern Japan)	1.63	1.01–2.63	0.0434
Sex (female)	0.80	0.46–1.35	NS
Age at onset	0.97	0.95–0.99	0.0132
SPMS	2.55	1.05–6.80	0.0384
Disease duration (years)	0.98	0.95–1.01	NS
ARR	1.05	0.67–1.74	NS
EDSS	0.98	0.85–1.13	NS
HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele (+)	0.49	0.30–0.80	0.0043
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele (+)	1.45	0.85–2.53	NS
Positive OB and/or increased IgG index	Adjusted OR	95 % CI	p value
Region (northern Japan)	3.80	2.31–6.36	<0.0001
Sex (female)	1.36	0.78–2.36	NS
Age at onset	1.00	0.98–1.02	NS
SPMS	1.43	0.60–3.51	NS
ARR	0.99	0.66–1.49	NS
EDSS	1.00	0.87–1.16	NS
HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele (+)	0.39	0.23–0.65	0.0004
HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele (+)	1.65	0.95–2.88	NS

Benign MS was defined as an EDSS score ≤ 2.0 at least 10 years after disease onset

ARR annualized relapse rate, CI confidence interval, EDSS Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale, MSSS Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score, NS not significant, OB oligoclonal IgG bands, OR odds ratio, Q quartile, SPMS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis