Table 1.

Type 1 errors of PHARAOH, WKS and DRB

Method	α = 0.05	α = 0.01
PHARAOH	0.040 (±0.019)	0.0083 (±0.008)
WKS-Variant	0.056 (±0.028)	0.0156 (±0.017)
WKS-MinP	0.049 (±0.025)	0.0101 (±0.010)
Direct-Burden	0.051 (±0.044)	0.0103 (±0.017)
Direct-SKAT-o	0.049 (±0.043)	0.0105 (±0.017)