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. 2016 Aug;13(121):20160288. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0288

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

The factor by which estimators based on homogeneous mixing overestimate key epidemiological variables in a population structured by households. The basic reproduction number R0 for Markov SIR epidemics with expected infectious period equal to 1 (a,d), critical vaccination coverage vc for Markov SIR epidemics (b,e) and vc for Reed–Frost epidemics (c,f), as a function of the relative influence of within-household transmission, in a population partitioned into households. For (ac), the household size distribution is taken from a 2003 health survey in Nigeria [29] and is given by Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic for Inline graphic mi is the fraction of the households with size i. For (df), the Swedish household size distribution in 2013 taken from [30] is used and is given by Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic. The global infectivity is chosen, so that the epidemic growth rate α is kept constant while the within-household transmission varies. Homogeneous mixing corresponds to Inline graphic, in which case Inline graphic. Note that the order of the graphs is different in (b) and (e) from that in (a,c,d,f).