Table 1.

Tabulated data for different experimental runs. Gap thickness b, permeability K, bottom fluid height H, convective velocity U, length scale L, convective time τ_c, advection–diffusion time τ_L, Rayleigh number Ra, and average scaled velocity . Units are indicated.

b (cm)	K (10−4 cm2)	H (cm)	U (cm s−1)	L (μm)	τc (s)	τL (s)	Ra
0.0254	0.54	5.08	0.0046	2.2	1100	0.043	23 400	0.059
0.0254		2.54			550		11 700	0.054
0.0254		1.27			275		5800	0.081
0.0305	0.77	5.08	0.0066	1.5	770	0.023	33 300	no data
0.0305		2.54			385		16 700	0.040
0.0305		1.27			193		8300	0.058
0.0356	1.05	5.08	0.0089	1.1	571	0.012	45 500	0.047
0.0356		2.54			286		23 400	0.059
0.0356		1.27			143		11 700	0.054
0.0406	1.38	5.08	0.0118	0.85	430	0.0072	59 700	0.026
0.0406		2.54			215		29 900	0.038
0.0406		1.27			108		14 900	0.037
0.0483	1.94	5.08	0.0165	0.61	308	0.0037	83 100	0.041
0.0483		2.54			154		41 550	0.037
0.0483		1.27			77		20 800	0.072