Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of comparison groups
| All patients vs patients with biopsy at 12 months |
High vs low CADI-12 scores | Progression of CADI scores vs wno progression |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients included in microarray analysis (n=159) |
Patients with biopsy at 12 months (n=101) |
p value |
Patients with high CADI-12 scores (n=44) |
Patients with low CADI-12 scores (n=57) |
p value | Progression by 12 months (n=14) |
No progression by 12 months (n=52) |
p value |
|
| Donor age (years) | 41·13 (16·80) | 40·73 (16·80) | 0·87 | 45·45 (18·05) | 37·07 (14·91) | 0·0121 | 46·50 (18·85) | 37·69 (17·51) | 0·1 |
| Donor sex female | 77 (48%) | 46 (46%) | 0·7 | 23 (52%) | 28 (49%) | 0·84 | 6 (43%) | 28 (54) | 0·76 |
| Donor race | 0·64 | 1 | 0·72 | ||||||
| Caucasian | 121 (76%) | 80 (79%) | 35 (80%) | 46 (81%) | 11 (79%) | 43 (83%) | |||
| African American | 17 (11%) | 8 (8%) | 4 (9%) | 3 (5%) | 3 (21%) | 2 (4%) | |||
| Hispanic | 12 (8%) | 5 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 4 (7%) | 0 | 3 (6%) | |||
| Other/unreported | 9 (6%) | 8 (8%) | 4 (9%) | 4 (7%) | 0 | 4 (8%) | |||
| Donor vital status | 0·79 | 0·31 | 0·23 | ||||||
| Deceased | 94 (59%) | 58 (57%) | 28 (63%) | 30 (53%) | 10 (71%) | 28 (54%) | |||
| Alive | 65 (41%) | 43 (43%) | 16 (7%) | 27 (43%) | 4 (29%) | 4 (8%) | |||
| Recipient age (years) | 48·84 (13·27) | 46·90 (12·38) | 0·24 | 49·86 (11·23) | 44·43 (12·80) | 0·0281 | 49·92 (8·69) | 46·90 (12·29) | 0·39 |
| Recipient sex female | 45 (28%) | 32 (32%) | 0·57 | 17 (39%) | 15 (26%) | 0·18 | 6 (43%) | 17 (33%) | 0·53 |
| Recipient race | 0·33 | 0·45 | 0·48 | ||||||
| White | 92 (58%) | 66 (65%) | 26 (59%) | 40 (70%) | 8 (57%) | 17 (73%) | |||
| African American | 37 (23%) | 15 (15%) | 7 (16%) | 8 (14%) | 3 (21%) | 6 (12%) | |||
| Hispanic | 14 (9%) | 7 (7%) | 4 (9%) | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | |||
| Other/unreported | 16 (10%) | 13 (13%) | 7 (16%) | 6 (11%) | 3 (21%) | 6 (12%) | |||
| Recipient end stage renal disease diagnosis |
0·52 | 0·84 | 0·9 | ||||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 57 (36%) | 33 (33%) | 13 (30%) | 20 (35%) | 3 (21%) | 17 (33%) | |||
| Hypertension | 24 (15%) | 17 (17%) | 7 (16%) | 10 (18%) | 3 (21%) | 7 (13%) | |||
| Glomerulonephritis | 28 (18%) | 22 (22%) | 9 (20%) | 13 (23%) | 3 (21%) | 12 (23%) | |||
| Polycystic kidney | 14 (9%) | 13 (13%) | 6 (14%) | 7 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 7 (13%) | |||
| Other | 36 (23%) | 16 (16%) | 9 (20%) | 7 (12%) | 3 (21%) | 9 (17%) | |||
| Previous renal transplant | 4 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 1 | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 | 1 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 0·38 |
| eGFR at 3 months | 59·18 (18·25) | 59·48 (18·11) | 0·9 | 53·23 (16·87) | 64·36 (17·68) | 0·0029 | 47·68 (15·59) | 61·69 (17·33) | 0·008 |
| CADI score at 3 months | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1·78 (1·67) | 1·74 (1·65) | 0·89 | 2·45 (1·80) | 1·20 (1·30) | 0·0005 | 1·36 (1·28) | 1·07 (1·06) | 0·45 |
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1·5 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1·5 (0–3) | 1 (1–3) | |||
| Cold ischaemia time (h)* | 14·64 (6·78) | 13·81 (6·74) | 0·46 | 13·99 (7·26) | 12·64 (5·39) | 0·45 | 13·62 (6·72) | 13·78 (7·37) | 0·95 |
| Delayed graft function* | 21 (13%) | 9 (9%) | 0·32 | 7 (25%) | 2 (7%) | 0·12 | 2 (20%) | 4 (14%) | 0·64 |
| Anti-HLA antibodies† | 36 (23%) | 26 (27%) | 0·53 | 12 (29%) | 14 (25%) | 0·75 | 6 (17%) | 9 (17%) | 0·33 |
| Donor-specific antibody positive |
7 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (14%) | 4 (8%) | |||
| Class I | 5 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (14%) | 4 (8%) | |||
| Class II | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (2%) | |||
| Non-donor-specific antibody positive |
29 (20%) | 22 (23%) | 9 (21%) | 13 (24%) | 4 (29%) | 5 (10%) | |||
| Class I | 29 (20%) | 22 (23%) | 9 (21%) | 13 (24%) | 4 (22%) | 5 (10%) | |||
| Class II | 16 (11%) | 9 (9%) | 3 (7%) | 6 (11%) | 1 (7%) | 3 (6%) | |||
| Induction therapy | 0·67 | 0·5 | 0·75 | ||||||
| Thymoglobulin | 49 (31%) | 27 (27%) | 13 (30%) | 14 (25%) | 4 (29%) | 13 (25%) | |||
| Anti-CD25 therapy | 52 (33%) | 39 (39%) | 19 (43%) | 20 (35%) | 6 (43%) | 23 (44%) | |||
| Anti-CD52 therapy | 9 (6%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |||
| None | 49 (31%) | 31 (31%) | 10 (23%) | 21 (37%) | 4 (29%) | 15 (29%) | |||
| 12-month maintenance immunosuppression |
072 | 0·84 | 0·52 | ||||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, steroids |
139 (87%) | 90 (89%) | 39 (89%) | 51 (89%) | 13 (93%) | 50 (96%) | |||
| Mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors |
12 (8%) | 8 (8%) | 2 (5%) | 6 (11%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (2%) | |||
| Others | 8 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 3 (7%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | |||
| Acute rejection within 1 year |
22 (14%) | 22 (22%) | NA | 17 (39%) | 5 (9%) | 0·0005 | 5 (36%) | 6 (12%) | 0·36 |
Data are mean (%) or mean (SD) unless noted otherwise. p values are calculated with the Mann-Whitney test (for non-parametric comparisons) or unpaired t test for continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. CADI-12 scores of 2 or more were deemed to be high and scores of less than 2 were deemed to be low. Progression was shown by a CADI-3 score of 3 or less and an increase of CADI score of at least 2 points. Delayed graft function was defined as need for dialysis within the first 7 days after transplantation. CADI-12=chronic allograft damage index at 12 months. eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate. HLA=human leucocyte antigen.
Deceased donors only.
Only 148 of 159 patients included in microarray analysis and 97 of 101 patients with biopsies at 12 months had baseline anti-HLA antibodies reported in the database: 42 patients with high CADI and 55 with low CADI had anti HLA antibodies reported; all 14 progressors and 52 non-progressors had anti-HLA antibodies reported.