Table 1.

Age and age-standardized other characteristics in 1991 according to intake of whole grain and refined grain foods during early adulthood among women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II

	Whole grain, quintile			Refined grain, quintile
Number	Q1 18,020	Q3 17,970	Q5 18,062	Q1 18,161	Q3 18,070	Q5 18,045
Mean±SD
Age, years	37± 5	37±5	37±5	37±5	36±5	36±5
Whole grain intake, serving/day	0.1± 0.07	0.6±0.07	1.6±0.6	0.5±0.5	0.7±0.5	0.9±0.7
Refined grain intake, serving/day	1.9±1.0	2.2±0.9	2.5±1.1	1.0±0.3	2.1±0.1	3.7±0.8
Total energy intake, kcal	1525±506	1793±511	2074±538	1305±378	1766±407	2336±490
Alcohol consumption, g/day	3.1±6.9	3.2±6.0	3.0± 5.3	3.1±6.7	3.1±5.9	3.2±5.8
Total fiber intake, g/day	15.0±4.4	17.8±4.3	22.7±6.4	17.9± 6.5	18.3±5.2	18.6±5.0
Animal fat intake, % energy	19.5±4.9	17.7± 4.2	15.0±4.2	18.8±5.1	17.5± 4.3	16.1±4.2
Total red meat intake, serving/day	0.8±0.6	0.8±0.5	0.7±0.5	0.6±0.5	0.8±0.5	1.0±0.6
Total fruit intake, serving/day	0.7±0.7	1.0±0.8	1.5±1.0	0.9±0.8	1.1±0.8	1.3±1.0
Total vegetable intake, serving/day	2.3±1.5	2.9±1.6	3.8±2.2	2.4±1.7	2.9±1.7	3.7±2.1
Adult body mass index, kg/m2	24.9±5.7	24.7±5.3	24.0± 4.8	24.6±5.3	24.5±5.3	24.8±5.6
Body mass index at age 18, kg/m2	21.3±3.5	21.3±3.3	21.2±3.2	21.5±3.5	21.2±3.3	21.2±3.4
Age at first birth, years	25.5±4.1	25.8±4.1	26.3±4.3	25.4±4.3	26.0±4.1	26.2±4.1
Age at menarche, years	12.4±1.4	12.4±1.4	12.4±1.4	12.4±1.5	12.4±1.4	12.4±1.4
%
Current smokers	19	11	7	16	11	9
Current oral contraceptive use	11	11	10	12	11	10
History of benign breast disease	10	9	9	10	9	9
Family history of breast cancer in	15	15	16	15	16	15
mother or sisters
Nulliparous	27	26	29	35	25	22