Table 3.

Prognostic factors associated with overall survival in 547 patients with brainstem metastases (presented by Cox regression)

		Univariate			Multivariate
Factor	n	P	Hazard ratio*	95% CI	P	Hazard ratio*	95% CI
Age (y)		.002			<.001
<65	346		Ref			Ref
≥65	201		1.363	1.122-1.675		1.573	1.258-1.966
Gender		<.001			.031
Male	266		Ref			Ref
Female	281		0.704	0.584-0.849		0.769	0.605-0.976
No. of lesions		.003			<.001
Single	142		Ref			Ref
Multiple	405		1.400	1.124-1.744		1.636	1.274-2.099
Extracranial metastasis		.024			.059
No	177		Ref			Ref
Yes	370		1.264	1.031-1.548		1.237	0.992-1.542
Total tumor volume (mL)		.917
<1	251		Ref
1-2	59	.820	1.036	0.763-1.408
>2	181	.788	0.972	0.791-1.195
Primary tumor†		.007			.022
Breast cancer	140		Ref			Ref
NSCLC	227	.286	1.146	0.892-1.471	.610	0.928	0.695-1 .238
SCLC	16	.811	0.916	0.445-1.884	.557	0.801	0.383-1.678
RCC	58	.540	1.113	0.790-1.568	.347	0.826	0.554-1.231
Melanoma	75	<.001	1.825	1.335-2.496	.039	1.473	1.020-2.126
GI origin	17	.858	1.061	0.553-2.036	.219	0.645	0.320-1.299
KPS	547	<.001	0.979	0.972-0.986	<.001	0.971	0.962-0.979
Margin dose (Gy)		.135			.235
<16	156		Ref			Ref
16-19.9	289	.088	1.215	0.971-1.520	.170	1.192	0.927-1.532
≥20	102	.072	1.299	0.977-1.726	.105	1.311	0.945-1.820
Maximum dose (Gy)		.539
<32	274		Ref
32-40	198	.270	1.120	0.916-1.370
>40	75	.857	1.031	0.744-1.428
Prior WBRT		.185
No	281		Ref
Yes	266		1.136	0.941-1.371
Prior chemotherapy		.718
No	135		Ref
Yes	412		1.037	0.851-1.263

Abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 2.

^*Higher hazard ratio, higher relative risk of death.

^†Excludes unknown and other primary histology.