Table 1.
Characteristics of patients (insulin initiation analysis)
| Characteristics of the population (insulin initiation) Total 2012–2013 |
Basal insulin only | Basal-fast-acting | Other insulin regimens | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | N = 1909 | N = 1180 | N = 286 | N = 443 | |
| Mean ± SD | 65.7 ± 16.0 | 67.5 ± 14.2 | 61.8 ± 18.1 | 63.2 ± 18.4 | <0.0001 |
| Median [range] | 67 [18; 101] | 67 [18; 101] | 63.5 [18; 95] | 66 [19; 100] | |
| <40 | 137 (7.2%) | 24 (2.0%) | 44 (15.4%) | 69 (15.6%) | <0.0001 |
| 40–50 | 166 (8.7%) | 100 (8.5%) | 27 (9.4%) | 39 (8.8%) | |
| 50–60 | 329 (17.2%) | 231 (19.6%) | 45 (15.7%) | 53 (12.0%) | |
| 60–70 | 466 (24.4%) | 299 (25.3%) | 67 (23.4%) | 100 (22.6%) | |
| 70–80 | 379 (19.9%) | 241 (20.4%) | 50 (17.5%) | 88 (19.9%) | |
| 80–90 | 361 (18.9%) | 239 (20.3%) | 43 (15.0%) | 79 (17.8%) | |
| ≥90 | 71 (3.7%) | 46 (3.9%) | 10 (3.5%) | 15 (3.4%) | |
| Gender | N = 1818 | N = 1177 | N = 278 | N = 433 | |
| Men | 1000 (53.0%) | 656 (55.7%) | 152 (54.7%) | 192 (44.3%) | 0.0002 |
| Women | 888 (47.0%) | 521 (44.3%) | 126 (45.3%) | 241 (55.7%) | |
| Initial insulin prescription | |||||
| Insulin only | 611 (32.0%) | 223 (18.9%) | 170 (59.4%) | 218 (49.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin + 1 OAD | 437 (22.9%) | 271 (23.0%) | 72 (25.2%) | 94 (21.2%) | |
| Insulin + 2 OAD | 497 (26.0%) | 373 (31.6%) | 32 (11.2%) | 92 (20.8%) | |
| Insulin + 3 OAD | 340 (17.8%) | 294 (24.9%) | 10 (3.5%) | 36 (8.1%) | |
| Insulin + ≥ 4 OAD | 24 (1.3%) | 19 (1.6%) | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (0.7%) | |
| Metformin | 956 (50.1%) | 703 (59.6%) | 91 (31.8%) | 162 (36.6%) | |
| Sulphonylurea | 648 (33.9%) | 526 (44.6%) | 28 (9.8%) | 94 (21.2%) | |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 49 (2.6%) | 42 (3.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 5 (1.1%) | |
| Glinides | 283 (14.8%) | 211 (17.9%) | 21 (7.3%) | 51 (11.5%) | |
| DPP4i | 467 (24.5%) | 370 (31.4%) | 29 (10.1%) | 68 (15.3%) | |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | 146 (7.6%) | 125 (10.6%) | 3 (1.1%) | 18 (4.1%) | |
| Physician prescribing insulin | N = 1772 | N = 1105 | N = 257 | N = 410 | |
| Hospital physician | 798 (45.0%) | 381 (34.5%) | 177 (68.9%) | 240 (58.5%) | ND |
| General practitioner | 696 (39.3%) | 527 (47.7%) | 57 (22.2%) | 112 (27.3%) | |
| Community diabetologist | 224 (12.6%) | 164 (14.8%) | 17 (6.6%) | 43 (10.5%) | |
| Other community specialist | 49 (2.8%) | 30 (2.7%) | 4 (1.6%) | 15 (3.7%) | |
| Diabetes treatment before the insulin initiationa | N = 1909 | N = 1180 | N = 286 | N = 443 | |
| None | 415 (21.7%) | 154 (13.1%) | 117 (40.9%) | 144 (32.5%) | <0.0001 |
| 1 OAD | 362 (18.9%) | 337 (16.8%) | 54 (18.9%) | 109 (24.6%) | |
| 2 OAD | 509 (26.7%) | 354 (28.9%) | 66 (23.1%) | 102 (23.1%) | |
| 3 OAD | 542 (28.4%) | 327 (35.9%) | 42 (14.7%) | 76 (17.2%) | |
| ≥4 OAD | 81 (4.2%) | 27 (5.3%) | 7 (2.5%) | 12 (2.7%) | |
Characteristics of patients (insulin initiation analysis)
SD standard deviation, OAD oral antidiabetic drug, DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, GLP glucagon-like peptide, ND not determined
* Student’s t test for continuous values and χ 2 test for categorical variables
aOver the first or the second quarter before the initial insulin prescription