Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients treated with lispro, aspart, and glulisine
| Characteristics | Lispro (n = 14,047) | Aspart (n = 26,813) | Glulisine (n = 305) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 41.0 (15.7) | 40.1 (18.3) | 49.4 (18.3) |
| Aged 65 years or older, n | 1002 (7.1) | 2694 (10.0) | 75 (24.6) |
| Female, n | 6323 (45.0) | 11,210 (41.8) | 127 (41.6) |
| Diabetes duration, years | 19.5 (12.7) | 15.4 (14.8) | 11.6 (14.7) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.8 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.9) | 4.8 (1.0) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.4 (1.1) |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 63.6 (13.4) | 64.1 (14.6) | 70.3 (17.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7 (3.7) | 25.6 (3.9) | 26.3 (4.9) |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 128.4 (15.8) | 130.0 (16.7) | 132.3 (17.0) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74.4 (9.0) | 74.3 (9.1) | 75.2 (9.3) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 86.7 (23.4) | 86.7 (28.4) | 90.2 (26.2) |
| Renal impairment, n | 5986 (42.6) | 9268 (34.6) | 135 (44.3) |
| Smoker, n | 875 (12.7) | 1559 (14.3) | 24 (15.1) |
| Higher education, n | 4969 (35.6) | 7605 (28.7) | 78 (26.0) |
| Physical inactivity, n | 776 (20.8) | 1344 (22.0) | 20 (16.9) |
| Insulin pump (CSII), n | 1144 (18.3) | 761 (8.1) | 3 (2.4) |
| Long-acting insulin, n | |||
| Human (NPH) | 3793 (27) | 7619 (28.4) | 63 (20.7) |
| Glargine | 7757 (55.2) | 12,886 (48.1) | 137 (44.9) |
| Detemir | 720 (5.1) | 2964 (11.1) | 7 (2.3) |
| Other | 1777 (12.7) | 3344 (12.5) | 98 (32.1) |
| History of …, n | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 296 (2.1) | 625 (2.3) | 9 (3.0) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 159 (1.1) | 389 (1.5) | 12 (3.9) |
| Myocardial infarction | 266 (1.9) | 590 (2.2) | 11 (3.6) |
| Unstable angina | 477 (3.4) | 964 (3.6) | 17 (5.6) |
| PCI | 189 (1.3) | 427 (1.6) | 13 (4.3) |
| CABG | 198 (1.4) | 413 (1.5) | 6 (2.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 304 (2.2) | 646 (2.4) | 7 (2.3) |
| Stroke | 144 (1.0) | 382 (1.4) | 7 (2.3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 151 (1.1) | 365 (1.4) | 9 (3.0) |
| Hypoglycemia | 1093 (7.8) | 1671 (6.2) | 13 (4.3) |
| Hyperglycemia | 1203 (8.6) | 2289 (8.5) | 17 (5.6) |
Data are presented as means (standard deviations) unless otherwise stated
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention