Fig. 2A–D.

Bland–Altman plots comparing model-based and marker-based RSA (MBRSA software) for measurement of micromanipulator-induced stem translation and rotation in the phantom model are shown. The difference between the model-based RSA and marker-based RSA measurements (y axis) was calculated for each increment of micromovement and plotted against the mean of the two measurements (x axis). The two methods showed good global agreement for measurement of (A) x axis translation, (B) y axis translation, (C) z axis translation, and (D) y axis rotation. The dashed line represents the mean of the differences, which was close to zero in each comparison, suggesting that model-based RSA measurements were not biased. The two solid lines represent the 95% limits of agreement.