Table 2.
Well-being, parenthood variables, lifestyle variables, and parental background variables: descriptive statistics for women
| Variable (range) | No transition to parenthood | Pre-Parenthood | After Parenthood | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Well-being (0–10) | 7.70 | 2.03 | 8.07a | 1.83 | 7.97a | 1.82 |
| Optimism (0–10) | 7.28a | 1.59 | 7.58 | 1.48 | 7.32a | 1.48 |
| Life satisfaction (0–10) | 7.89 | 1.38 | 8.32 | 1.23 | 8.15 | 1.28 |
| Satisfaction with free time (0–10) | 6.73a | 2.40 | 6.71a | 2.24 | 5.98 | 2.61 |
| Satisfaction with leisure act (0–10) | 7.66a | 1.97 | 7.80a | 1.91 | 6.79 | 2.34 |
| Leisure (0.00–3.18) | 1.91 | .39 | 1.97 | .37 | 1.80 | .42 |
| Pre-parenthood leisure (0.82–3.00) | – | – | 1.98 | .31 | 1.97 | .34 |
| Work hours (0–85) | 33.14 | 15.62 | 35.19a | 14.55 | 17.14a | 14.44 |
| Employed (0–1) | .89 | – | .91 | – | .77 | – |
| Pre-parenthood work hours (0–80) | – | – | 35.19a | 11.46 | 35.75a | 12.61 |
| Transition to parenthood (0–1) | 0 | – | 0 | – | 1 | – |
| Pregnancy (0–1) | 0 | – | .12 | – | 0 | – |
| Months since birth/12 (0–11.08) | 0 | .00 | 0 | .00 | 3.32 | 2.51 |
| Age (18–51) | 30.90 | 7.70 | 28.92 | 4.50 | 34.35 | 4.81 |
| Single (0–1) | .60 | – | .24 | – | .03 | – |
| Cohabiting (0–1) | .24 | – | .40 | – | .09 | – |
| Married (0–1) | .16 | – | .36 | – | .88 | – |
| Self-rated health (1–5) | 4.14a | .66 | 4.27 | .63 | 4.16a | .61 |
| N observations | 4638 | 997 | 1190 | |||
| N individuals | 942 | 330 | ||||
aMeans do not differ across groups (two-tailed mean comparison t tests, p < .05)