Table 2.

The influence of race in BCAA level and its relationship with insulin resistance.

Study	Country	Race	BCAA-related metabolites identified	Relation between BCAA and IR
Lee et al. [20]	Canada	Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics	Valine, leucine, isoleucine, total BCAA	Positive, Caucasians plus Hispanics > African Americans
Tillin et al. [36]	Finland	Europeans, South Americans	Isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamine, glycine, histidine	Positive, South Americans > Europeans
Tai et al. [38]	Singapore	Chinese, Asian Indians	Valine, leucine/isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate/glutamine, ornithine, alanine, proline	Positive, Chinese > Asian Indians

Note: IR: insulin resistance; BCAA: branched-chain amino acids.