Table 4.

The influence of dietary pattern and weight loss in BCAA level.

Study	Diet	Weight loss	BCAA and related metabolites identified	Relationship with BCAA and IR
Batch et al. [21]	BCAA supplement	No	Leucine/isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, methionine, alanine, histidine, phenylalanine; C3; C5	Not related to BCAA and IR
Xu et al. [22]	High & low fat	Yes	Valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine; tryptophan, BCAA/AAA	Corresponded to gene variants
Würtz et al. [28]	Protein intake	No	Leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, pyruvate, alanine, creatinine, phenylalanine, phospholipids, fatty acids	Positive for valine level Not related to IR
Shah et al. [24]	BCAA intake	Yes	Alanine, leucine/isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate/glutamine, ornithine	Slightly positive for BCAA level Not related to IR
Newgard et al. [12]	BCAA supplement	No	Alanine, valine, leucine/isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate/glutamine, aspartate/asparagine	Positive for BCAA and IR (in rats)

Note: IR: insulin resistance; BCAA: branched-chain amino acids; AAA: aromatic amino acids.