Table 1.

Comparison of the β-endorphin concentration and RQLQ scores among the three groups according to RQLQ.

	β-Endorphin (mean ± SD, pg/mL)	RQLQ scores (mean ± SD)
Mild group (n = 19) (scores 0–56)	33.65 ± 15.73	38.47 ± 11.93
Moderate group (n = 23) (scores 57–112)	22.27 ± 9.59	79.70 ± 16.19
Severe group (n = 5) (scores 113–168)	11.64 ± 2.64	126 ± 19.18
F = 8.178	p = 0.001∗	p < 0.05∗
Correlation coefficient: −0.468	p = 0.001∗	p < 0.05∗

Data of each group were compared by single-factor ANOVA.

Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test (two-tailed).

  ^∗ p < 0.05.