. 2016 Sep 7;7(5):905–916. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012187

TABLE 1.

Studies published after April 2011 that included n–3 PUFA supplementation in animal models of AD¹

Study, year (ref)	AD model	Supplement	Duration	Dose	Outcome
Teng et al., 2015 (108)	Transgenic APP/PS1 rats	DHA from algal sources	4 mo	0.6% (wt:wt) of the diet	Reduced Aβ plaque density
Teng et al., 2015 (108)	Transgenic APP/PS1 rats	DHA from algal sources	4 mo	0.6% (wt:wt) of the diet	Improved behavioral testing
Hosono et al., 2015 (109)	Tg2576 mice	DHA	4 mo	2.4 g/kg diet	Reduced Aβ(1–42)-to-Aβ(1–40) ratio
Torres et al., 2014 (110)	Transgenic 5xFAD mice	2-Hydroxy DHA	4 mo	15 mg ⋅ kg^–1 ⋅ d⁻¹	Reduction in Aβ accumulation
Torres et al., 2014 (110)	Transgenic 5xFAD mice	2-Hydroxy DHA	4 mo	15 mg ⋅ kg^–1 ⋅ d⁻¹	Improved cognitive scores
Ma et al., 2014 (111)	Tau knockout mice	DHA alone or with α-lipoic acid	5 mo	0.6% DHA (or with 500 ppm α-lipoate)	Protected against hyperphosphorylation
					Lower hippocampal synaptic deficits
					Improved Morris water maze deficits
Fiol-deRoque et al., 2013 (112)	Transgenic 5xFAD mice	2-Hydroxy DHA	4 mo	15 mg ⋅ kg^–1 ⋅ d⁻¹	Improved radial arm maze test scores
Labrousse et al., 2012 (113)	Aged C57Bl6/J mice	EPA+DHA	2 mo	5.45 g EPA + 3.6 g DHA/kg diet	Reduced inflammatory markers
Labrousse et al., 2012 (113)	Aged C57Bl6/J mice	EPA+DHA	2 mo	5.45 g EPA + 3.6 g DHA/kg diet	Improved spatial memory deficits
Kariv-Inbal et al., 2012 (114)	ApoE-targeted replacement mice	Fish oil	4 mo	3.03 g fish oil/kg diet	Reduced hippocampal Aβ concentrations
Kariv-Inbal et al., 2012 (114)	ApoE-targeted replacement mice	Fish oil	4 mo	3.03 g fish oil/kg diet	Improved behavioral performance
Hashimoto et al., 2011 (115)	Aβ-infused rats	Purified EPA+DHA	12 wk	300 mg ⋅ kg^–1 ⋅ d⁻¹	Improved reference and working memory

Aβ, amyloid β APP, amyloid precursor protein; ppm, parts per million; PS1, presenilin 1; ref, reference.