Skip to main content
. 2016 Sep 8;6:32974. doi: 10.1038/srep32974

Table 1. Study sites and catchments characteristics.

Country Laos Thailand Vietnam
Catchment name Houay Pano Huay Ma Nai Dong Cao
Province Luang Prabang Phrae Hoa Binh
Latitude 19°51′10′′N 18°13′20′′N 20°57′40′′N
Longitude 102°10′45′′E 100°23′40′′E 105°29′10′′E
Catchment size 60.2 ha 93.0 ha 49.7 ha
Elevation range 430–718 m 400–480 m 130–482 m
Mean slope 48% 30% 40%
Mean annual rainfall 1585 mm 1385 mm 1556 mm
Rainfall during 2015 1465 mm 921 mm 1474 mm
Mean annual temperature 25 °C 27 °C 23 °C
Mean annual global irradiance 1385 J cm2 751 J cm2 340 J cm2
Geology Shale, schist Siltstone, sandstone Schist
Soils Alfisol, Entisol Ultisol Alfisol, Ultisol Ultisol
Population (number of people.days)1 No permanent population, many daily activities (548 +/− 120) No permanent population, up to 80 during planting and harvest time (380 +/− 72) A household of 4 with a toilet for which the overflow empties into the stream, 3 farmers that go through basin every 3 days (68 +/− 14)
Animal husbandry Two to three pigs in the lower sections and some (~20) chickens in both the upper and lower sections Animal husbandry limited to a few chickens 20 cows, 10 buffalos in the upper sections and 20 chickens and 2 or 3 pigs in the lower sections
Crusting rate2 17 (+/−7)% 48 (+/−5)% 7 (+/−5)%
Runoff coefficient3 26 (+/−8)% 40 (+/−12)% 9 (+/−3)%
Bi-weekly sampling dates 15 October 2014 to 5 October 2015 23 October 2014 to 16 October 2015 27 October 2014 to 15 October 2015

A short description of the human population in each catchment is given as is an estimate of the people.days which gives an estimate of the number of whole days a person is in the catchment.

1Estimated from the number of people using informal latrines in the catchment on a daily basis.

2Calculated from ref. 16 and from land use for 2015.

3Calculated over the four wettest months of the year (June to September) using streamflow depth ÷ rainfall depth and expressed as a percentage.