Table 2.

Midlife Deviance (age 33 to 42) among the Woodlawn Cohort by Level of Young Adult Criminal Justice Intervention (age 17 to 32)

Midlife Measures (range)	Level of Young Adult Criminal Justice Intervention			Significance Tests^a

Males	Not Arrested (n=143)	Arrested, But Not Incarcerated (n=114)	Incarcerated (n=93)	Test Statistic	P-value

Percent who used drugs (0–1)	28.7%	52.6%	47.3%	X² = 16.81	<0.001
Percent with 1+ drug use disorder symptom (0–1)	7.7%	21.9%	24.7%	X² = 14.78	<0.01
Mean variety score of self-reported violence (0–8)	0.18	0.32	0.83	F = 13.73	<0.001
Mean variety score of self-reported property (0–13)	0.24	0.38	0.80	F = 5.53	<0.01
Mean number of official violent offenses (0–20)	0.06	0.66	1.16	F = 12.78	<0.001
Mean number of official property offenses (0–21)	0.13	0.87	1.66	F = 10.64	<0.001
Self-reported incarceration (0–1)	5.6%	19.3%	38.7%	X² = 40.41	<0.001

Females	Not Arrested (n=344)	Arrested, But Not Incarcerated (n=82)	Incarcerated (n=17)	Test Statistic	P-value

Percent who used drugs (0–1)	23.6%	48.8%	41.2%	X² = 21.82	<0.001
Percent with 1+ drug use disorder symptom (0–1)	5.5%	23.2%	17.7%	X² = 26.04	<0.001
Mean variety score of self-reported violence (0–8)	0.08	0.54	0.53	F = 25.67	<0.001
Mean variety score of self-reported property (0–13)	0.08	0.51	1.12	F = 30.08	<0.001
Mean number of official violent offenses (0–20)	0.01	0.37	0.71	F = 29.3	<0.001
Mean number of official property offenses (0–21)	0.03	0.55	1.12	F = 34.52	<0.001
Self-reported incarceration (0–1)	1.7%	12.2%	29.4%	X² = 39.85	<0.001

ANOVA tests are used for young adult life event group comparisons and continuous level midlife measures; chi-square tests are used for young adult life event group comparisons and categorical level midlife measures.