Table 3.

Comparison of groups before propensity score matching on covariates: means or percents, standardized differences (before and after matching), and statistical significance

Covariates	Arrested, not incarcerated (n=196)	Not Arrested (n=487)	Std. Diff. Before Matching^a	Std. Diff. After Matching^a	Incarcerated (n=110)	Not Incarcerated (n=196)	Std. Diff. Before Matching^b	Std. Diff. After Matching^b
Poverty Status	58.77%	48.86%	^*0.20	−0.05	59.57%	58.77%	0.02	−0.10
Mother’s Education	10.46	10.82	−0.16	0.05	10.24	10.46	−0.10	0.12
Female-headed household	39.29%	32.65%	0.14	−0.05	48.18%	39.29%	0.18	−0.03
Family Size	4.52	4.09	^*0.20	−0.03	4.65	4.52	0.05	0.07
Residential Mobility	2.25	2.14	0.06	−0.03	2.61	2.25	0.22	−0.02
Family Discipline	5.69	5.27	^**0.23	0.00	5.92	5.69	0.14	−0.01
Family Affection	4.78	4.76	0.02	0.06	4.46	4.78	^*−0.23	−0.03
Mother’s Depression	1.44	1.38	0.07	0.04	1.49	1.45	0.04	−0.06
Mother’s Anxiety	0.95	0.77	^*0.19	−0.05	0.86	0.96	−0.12	−0.07
TOCA - Shyness	0.43	0.43	0.00	0.03	0.60	0.43	0.17	−0.08
TOCA - Immaturity	0.60	0.56	0.04	−0.01	0.81	0.60	0.20	0.14
TOCA - Inattention	0.63	0.40	^**0.22	0.05	0.90	0.63	^*0.24	0.10
TOCA - Underachievement	0.68	0.59	0.10	0.06	0.82	0.68	0.14	−0.14
TOCA - Agression	0.64	0.33	^**0.30	0.07	0.87	0.64	0.22	0.02
Reading Grades	2.52	2.48	0.06	−0.07	2.75	2.52	^**0.34	−0.03
Math Grades	2.53	2.49	0.06	−0.05	2.74	2.53	^*0.28	0.03
Classroom Conduct Scores	2.32	2.17	^*0.21	−0.05	2.60	2.32	^**0.39	0.14
Adolescent Status Offending	0.76	0.61	^**0.28	−0.07	0.84	0.76	0.16	0.00
Adolescent Violent Offending	0.31	0.20	^**0.30	−0.06	0.46	0.31	^**0.37	−0.11
Adolescent Non-violent Offending	0.34	0.27	^*0.19	−0.02	0.51	0.34	^**0.35	0.00
Early Onset of Smoking	27.55%	21.30%	0.14	0.08	30.00%	27.55%	0.05	0.02
Early Onset of Alcohol	29.21%	19.30%	^**0.22	0.04	38.41%	29.21%	0.19	−0.12
Early Onset of Marijuana	18.50%	8.21%	^**0.27	0.08	23.64%	18.50%	0.12	0.08
High School Dropout	29.55%	18.47%	^**0.25	−0.04	34.22%	30.51%	0.08	−0.09
Teen Parent	36.39%	29.89%	0.13	−0.03	34.55%	36.41%	−0.04	0.11

Compares individuals who were arrested, but not incarcerated, with those who were not arrested.

Compares individuals who were incarcerated with those who were arrested but not incarcerated. All cases were exact matched on gender.

p <.05,

^**

p <.01: variables significantly different based on t- tests.