Table 1.

Methods of ante-mortem diagnosis and treatment of cases with PTTM

Year	Author	Primary site	Method of diagnosis	Treatment after diagnosis	Survival*
2003	Roberts15	Bladder	Cytology	NA	NA
2007	Miyano14.	Stomach	VATS†	Chemotherapy, dexamethasone	Recovered
2011	Ueda12	Oesophagus	TBLB	Chemotherapy	9 days
2012	Kim HJ17	Breast	Clinical-based decision	Anticoagulation, dexamethasone	2 days
2012	Kayatani10	Unknown (signet ring)	VATS	Chemotherapy	15 months
2012	Kitamura11	Breast	TBLB	Chemotherapy	3 months
2013	Demirag13	Epithelioid angiosarcoma	Lung resection	Refusal of treatment	5 weeks
2013	Higo7	Colon	TBLB	Imatinib, chemotherapy, bosentan, tadalafil	12 months
2013	Ogawa9	Stomach and duodenum	TBLB	Imatinib, chemotherapy, bosentan, epoprostenol	9 months
2013	Uruga2	Lung	CT-guided lung biopsy	Chemotherapy	7 months
2013	Uruga2	Lung	Cytology	NA	69 days
2013	Uruga2	Stomach	TBLB	NA	3 days
2013	Uruga2	Stomach	TBLB	NA	10 days
2013	Uruga2	Stomach	TBLB	NA	10 days
2013	Uruga2	Stomach	VATS	NA	5 days
2014	Mandaliya18	Stomach	Clinical-based decision	Anticoagulation, corticosteroids	Uncertain
2015	Fukada6	Breast	Cytology	Imatinib, chemotherapy	54 days
2015	Minatsuki8	Stomach	VATS	Imatinib, chemotherapy, sildenafil, ambrisentan	12 months
2015	Yamakawa16	Bladder	Cytology	Chemotherapy	12 days

*Survival indicates time from initial admission in most cases.

†Unsuccessful diagnosis with TBLB.

NA, not applicable; PTTM, pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy; TBLB, transbronchial lung biopsy; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.