Table 1.
Diet formulation and chemical analysis
| HFM | LFM | LFM + | LFM + | LFM + | LFM + | LFM + | HPS | HPS + | HPS + | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tauro-cholate | Bovine bile salt | Taurine | Lecithin | Suppl Mix | Bovine bile salt | Suppl Mix | ||||
| Ingredient (g 100 g −1 ) | ||||||||||
| SA SP Sara Rousinga | 15.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Nordic LT 94 fishmealb | 15.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 |
| Soya HP 48c | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | |||||||
| Soya 60 % (SPC)d | 10.00 | 19.03 | 19.03 | 19.03 | 19.03 | 19.03 | 19.03 | 3.52 | 3.52 | 3.52 |
| Corn Glutene | 5.34 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 10.19 | 10.19 | 10.19 |
| Pea Protein 50f | 6.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Dehulled Beansg | 14.58 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 |
| Sunflower expellerh | 10.00 | |||||||||
| Wheat Gluteni | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | |
| Fishoil (Standard)j | 7.45 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 |
| Rapeseed oilk | 17.09 | 17.60 | 17.60 | 17.60 | 17.60 | 17.60 | 17.60 | 17.94 | 17.94 | 17.94 |
| Sodium taurocholatel | 1.80 | |||||||||
| Bovine bile saltl | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | ||||||
| Cholesteroll | 1.50 | 1.50 | ||||||||
| Taurinel | 0.40 | |||||||||
| Lecithinl | 1.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |||||||
| MCP | 0.70 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.56 |
| Lysine | 0.20 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Methionine | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Threonine | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | |
| Barox (antioxidant) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Vitamin-Mineral mixm | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| Yttriumn | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Lucantin Pink CWD 10 % | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Chemical analysis o | ||||||||||
| Dry matter (%) | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 |
| Ash (%) | 7.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| Fat (%) | 29.8 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.6 | 29.6 | 29.6 |
| Protein (%) | 40.8 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 41.4 |
| D Protein (%) | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 |
| DE (MJ/kg) | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.3 |
| GE (MJ/kg) | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 24.6 | 24.6 |
| Cholesterol (g/kg) | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 19.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 17.8 |
| Bile salts (g/kg) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 16.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 11.0 | n/a | 10.58 | n/a |
aSuperprime, supplied by Köster Marine Proteins GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
bSupplied by Norsildmel AS, Bergen, Norway
cSupplied by Scan Mills, Germany
dSupplied by Selecta S/A, Av. Jamel Ceilio, 2496 – 12th region, Goiania, Brazil
eSupplied by Cargil Nordic, SAS van Gent, Holland
fSupplied by DLG Food Grain, Roslev, Denmark
jSupplied by HC Handelscenter, Skibby, Denmark
hSupplied by DLA agro, Denmark
iSupplied by Roquette, Beinheim, France
jSupplied by FF Skagen, Skagen, Denmark
kSupplied by Emmelev, Otterup, Denmark
lSupplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Broendby, Denmark
mSupplied to meet requirements. Composition is intellectual property of BioMar AS
nInert marker for the evaluation of nutrient digestibility
oComplete chemical analysis was conducted only for the basal diets (HFM, LFM, HPS). Cholesterol content was analyzed in all diets, bile salt content was analyzed in five diets as shown in table