Table 3.
Comparison of presenteeism on workplace psychosocial factors stratified with gender
| Characteristics | Presenteeism n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | ||||||
| Yes | No | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | ||
| Experience of age discrimination | no | 3,305 (19.4) | 13,766 (80.6) | <0.001 | 2,626 (24.0) | 8,293 (76.0) | <0.001 |
| yes | 234 (31.5) | 508 (68.5) | 183 (35.5) | 332 (64.5) | |||
| Educational background discrimination | no | 3,261 (19.5) | 13,460 (80.5) | <0.001 | 2,579 (24.2) | 8,085 (75.8) | <0.001 |
| yes | 277 (25.4) | 814 (74.6) | 230 (29.9) | 540 (70.1) | |||
| Regional discriminatio | no | 3,417 (19.6) | 13,995 (80.4) | <0.001 | 2,726 (24.4) | 8,439 (75.6) | <0.001 |
| yes | 121 (30.3) | 279 (69.8) | 83 (30.9) | 186 (69.1) | |||
| Sexual discrimination | no | 3,451 (19.7) | 14,024 (80.3) | 0.003 | 2,663 (24.1) | 8,385 (75.9) | <0.001 |
| yes | 88 (26.0) | 250 (74.0) | 146 (37.8) | 240 (62.2) | |||
| Employment type discrimination | no | 3,288 (19.3) | 13,772 (80.7) | <0.001 | 2,597 (23.8) | 8,332 (76.2) | <0.001 |
| yes | 251 (33.3) | 502 (66.7) | 212 (42.0) | 293 (58.0) | |||
| Physical violence | no | 3,490 (19.7) | 14,182 (80.3) | <0.001 | 2,778 (24.4) | 8,584 (75.6) | <0.001 |
| yes | 48 (34.3) | 92 (65.7) | 31 (43.7) | 40 (56.3) | |||
| Bullying, harassment | no | 3,520 (19.8) | 14,234 (80.2) | 0.017 | 2,798 (24.6) | 8,597 (75.4) | 0.356 |
| yes | 19 (32.2) | 40 (67.8) | 11 (28.2) | 28 (71.8) | |||
| Sexual harassment | no | 3,529 (19.8) | 14,253 (80.2) | 0.072 | 2,764 (24.4) | 8,584 (75.6) | <0.001 |
| yes | 10 (32.3) | 21 (67.7) | 45 (52.3) | 41 (47.7) | |||
| Job insecurity | no | 3,356 (19.6) | 13,770 (80.4) | <0.001 | 2,695 (24.5) | 8,309 (75.5) | 0.185 |
| yes | 182 (26.5) | 504 (73.5) | 114 (26.5) | 316 (73.5) | |||
| Work-life balance | good | 2,282 (18.0) | 10,417 (82.0) | <0.001 | 1,989 (22.7) | 6,787 (77.3) | <0.001 |
| poor | 1,257 (24.6) | 3,857 (75.4) | 820 (30.9) | 1,838 (69.1) | |||
| Job satisfaction | high | 2,100 (16.3) | 10,809 (83.7) | <0.001 | 1,904 (21.7) | 6,886 (78.3) | <0.001 |
| low | 1,438 (29.3) | 3,465 (70.7) | 905 (34.2) | 1,739 (65.8) | |||
| Colleagues support | high | 2,934 (19.3) | 12,276 (80.7) | <0.001 | 2,425 (25.5) | 7,103 (74.5) | 0.005 |
| low | 537 (25.6) | 1,563 (74.4) | 287 (22.1) | 1,011 (77.9) | |||
| Supervisors support | high | 2,837 (19.3) | 11,882 (80.7) | <0.001 | 2,349 (25.2) | 6,957 (74.8) | 0.004 |
| low | 660 (23.0) | 2,211 (77.0) | 423 (22.4) | 1,469 (77.6) | |||
| Job stress | low | 597 (12.5) | 4,165 (87.5) | <0.001 | 604 (17.8) | 2,788 (82.2) | <0.001 |
| high | 2,941 (22.5) | 10,109 (77.5) | 2,205 (27.4) | 5,837 (72.6) | |||
| Emotional labor | no | 964 (14.8) | 5,530 (85.2) | <0.001 | 817 (21.4) | 2,992 (78.6) | <0.001 |
| yes | 2,574 (22.7) | 8,744 (77.3) | 1,992 (26.1) | 5,633 (73.9) | |||
| Work intensity | low | 1,294 (16.2) | 6,670 (83.8) | <0.001 | 1,241 (22.5) | 4,269 (77.5) | <0.001 |
| high | 2,245 (22.8) | 7,604 (77.2) | 1,568 (26.5) | 4,356 (73.5) | |||
| Work autonomy | high | 1,721 (19.8) | 6,961 (80.2) | 0.455 | 1,150 (23.5) | 3,749 (76.5) | 0.010 |
| low | 1,817 (19.9) | ,7313 (80.1) | 1,659 (25.4) | 4,876 (74.6) | |||
| Job strain | Low strain | 828 (16.5) | 4,189 (83.5) | <0.001 | 640 (22.3) | 2,225 (77.7) | <0.001 |
| Passive group | 865 (17.9) | 3,972 (82.1) | 920 (24.1) | 2,892 (75.9) | |||
| Active group | 893 (24.4) | 2,772 (75.6) | 510 (25.1) | 1,524 (74.9) | |||
| High strain | 952 (22.2) | 3,341 (77.8) | 739 (27.1) | 1,984 (72.9) | |||