Table 2.
LDL‐C Level and Percent Acute LDL‐C Reduction Preapheresis and Postapheresis Treatmenta
| Author | Country | Study Type | No. of FH Patients | Mean Age of FH Patients (Range) | Mean Years Receiving Apheresis Treatment | Mode of Apheresis | Mean Preapheresis LDL‐C Level (Range), mg/dL | Mean Postapheresis LDL‐C Level (Range), mg/dL | Mean Acute Reduction (Range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keller, 200921 | Germany | Retrospective observational study | HoFH: 12 | Not reported | Not reported | Dextran sulfate adsorption, DALI, and LF | Not reported | Not reported | 63–69% |
| Schamberger, 200038 | Germany | Open‐label clinical trial | HeFH: 22 | 52 y (34–75) | Not reported | Immunoadsorption, dextran sulfate adsorption, HELP, and LF | 166 | 62 | 62.6% |
| Bamabauer, 20039 | Germany | Prospective observational study |
HoFH: 4 HeFH: 41 |
Not reported | Not reported | Dextran sulfate adsorption, immunoadsorption, DALI, and immunoadsorption with special anti‐lipoprotein(a) columns | 297.6 | 131.3 | 55.9% |
| Julius, 201343 (UHD) | Germany | Prospective observational study | Unspecified: 64 | Not reported | Not reported | HELP, LF, DALI, dextran sulfate adsorption, and immunoadsorption | 123.7 | 38.7 | 69% (39–88%) |
| Julius, 201343 (other centers) | Germany | Prospective observational study |
HoFH: 1 Unspecified: 54 |
Not reported | Not reported | HELP, LF, MONET, DALI, dextran sulfate adsorption, and immunoadsorption | 139.2 | 42.5 | 69% (26–95%) |
| van Buuren, 201237 | Germany | Retrospective observational study | FH unspecified: 27 | 49 y (10–67) | Not reported | HELP | 223 | 83 | 63% |
| Masaki, 200524 | Japan | Open‐label clinical trial | HeFH: 18 | 48 y (35–73) | 9.8 y | Dextran sulfate adsorption | 157 | 66.3 | 57.8% |
| Archontakis, 200727 | UK | Retrospective observational study | HeFH: 7 | 56.3 y (35–66) | Not reported | Dextran sulfate adsorption | 212.3 (155.5–344.2)a | 81.2 (38.7–150.8)a | 62% (56–75%) |
| Graesda,l 2012b, 36 | Norway | Prospective observational study | HoFH: 8 | 30 (7–55) | 12.4 | Whole blood column and plasma filtration | 197 (174–282) | 85 (50–108) | 57% |
| Coker, 200925 | Turkey | Open‐label clinical trial | HoFH: 10 | 8.4 y (2–12) | Not reported | DFPP and dextran sulfate adsorption | 375.5 (193–643) | 147.5 (74–281) | 62.8% (43–73%) |
| Hudgins, 200822 | USA | Prospective observational study | HoFH: 29 | 15 y (5–27) | 6 y | Dextran sulfate adsorption | 521 (243–713) | Not reported | 75% (68–83%) |
| Opole, 200741 | USA | Open‐label clinical trial | FH unspecified: 13 | 56 y | Not reported | HELP and dextran sulfate adsorption | 208 | 99 | 52% |
| Blaha, 200944 | Czech Republic | Prospective observational study |
HoFH: 3 HeFH: 9 |
47 y (21–63) | 7.2 y | Immunoadsorption | Not reported | Not reported | 82% |
| Palcoux, 200820 | France | Prospective observational study |
HoFH: 11 HeFH: 13 non‐FH: 3 |
21.1 (9–29) | Not reported | DALI and dextran sulfate adsorption | 356 | 100 | 72% |
| Kolovou, 201223 | Italy | Open‐label clinical trial |
HoFH: 2 HeFH and non‐FH: 19 |
HoHF: 12 y (11–13) HeFH and non‐FH: 44 y |
3.9 y | DALI |
HoFH: 288 HeFH and non‐FH: 196 |
HoFH: 72 HeFH and non‐FH: 53 |
HoFH: 76% HeFH and non‐FH: 72% |
DALI indicates direct adsorption of lipoproteins; DFPP, double filtration plasma apheresis; FH, familial hypercholesterolemia; HeFH, heterozygous FH; HELP, heparin‐induced extracorporeal lipoprotein precipitation; HoFH, homozygous FH; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LF, lipid filtration; MONET, membrane filtration optimized novel extracorporeal treatment; UHD, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden.
Acute LDL‐C reduction is defined by LDL‐C reduction immediately after an apheresis treatment session.
a
Conversion used, 1 mmol/L=38.66976 mg/dL.
b
Median LDL‐C levels presented.