Table 1.
Comparisons of Baseline Characteristics by Sex
| Men (n=363) | Women (n=216) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.0±10.4 | 61.9±9.9 | 0.325 |
| Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 252 (69.4) | 154 (71.3) | 0.707 |
| AF duration, months | 67.3±77.5 | 58.1±80.7 | 0.441 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.7±2.6 | 24.7±3.0 | 0.978 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 77.7±17.3 | 78.6±19.2 | 0.531 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 33 (9.1) | 22 (10.2) | 0.663 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 199 (54.8) | 115 (53.2) | 0.731 |
| Age ≥75, n (%) | 36 (9.9) | 22 (10.2) | 0.917 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 53 (14.6) | 34 (15.7) | 0.719 |
| Stroke or TIA, n (%) | 59 (16.3) | 45 (20.8) | 0.180 |
| Vascular disease, n (%) | 60 (16.5) | 29 (13.4) | 0.342 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | 1.8±1.6 | 2.9±1.6 | <0.001a |
| 0, n (%) | 95 (26.2) | ||
| 1, n (%) | 89 (24.5) | 53 (24.5) | |
| 2, n (%) | 73 (20.1) | 48 (22.2) | |
| ≥3, n (%) | 106 (29.2) | 115 (53.3) | |
| Medications | |||
| ACEi/ARB (%) | 140 (38.6) | 80 (37.2) | 0.791 |
| β‐blocker (%) | 108 (29.8) | 67 (31.2) | 0.779 |
| Statin (%) | 108 (29.8) | 77 (35.8) | 0.140 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 35.0±11.9 | 39.4±14.3 | <0.001a |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 62.5±8.9 | 65.0±7.3 | <0.001a |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 94.8±22.2 | 92.1±22.7 | 0.207 |
| E/Em | 10.3±5.1 | 12.2±4.7 | <0.001a |
| LAA flow velocity, cm/s | 50.1±21.6 | 47.3±22.8 | 0.141 |
ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; E, mitral inflow early diastolic velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Em, mitral annulus early diastolic velocity; LA, left atrium; LAA, left atrial appendage; LV, left ventricle; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
P<0.05.