Table 1.

Study Characteristics

	Study Name (Ref)
	HORIZONS‐AMI15	EUROMAX16	BRAVE 417	HEAT‐PPCI18	BRIGHT19	MATRIX20
Study design	Multicenter, open label	Multicenter, open label	Multicenter, open label	Single‐center, open label	Multicenter, open label	Multicenter, open label
Year of publication	2008	2013	2014	2014	2015	2015
Patients (n) ITT	3602	2198	544a	1812	1925b	7213c
Age, y	60	62	61	63	57	65
Radial access (%)	na	47	0	81	78	50
Clopidogrel (%)	96	51	97 with Heparin	11	100	38
Thienopyridine (%)	0	49	99 with Bivalirudin	89	0	55
Initial heparin bolus, IU/kg	60	100 without GPI, 60 with GPI	70 to 100	70	100 without GPI, 60 with GPI	70 to 100 without GPI, 50 to 70 with GPI
Prolonged bivalirudin infusion after PCI (dose, n%, mean duration)	Stopped immediately after PCI	1.75 mg/kg per hour (22.5%), 0.25 mg/kg per hour (77.5%), 4.5 hours	Stopped immediately after PCI	Stopped immediately after PCI	1.75 mg/kg per hour (100%), 3 hours	1.75 mg/kg per hour (34.4%), 0.25 mg/kg per hour (59.0%), 6.2 hours
GPI use in bivalirudin arm (%)	8	12	3	13	5	5
GPI use in heparin arm (%)	98	69	6	15	6 and 100	26
Definition major bleeding	TIMI major bleedingd at 30 days	TIMI major bleedingd at 30 days	TIMI major bleedingd at 30 days	BARC type 3 to 5e at 28 days	BARC type 3 to 5e at 30 days	BARC type 3 and 5e at 30 days

BARC indicates Bleeding Academic Research Consortium; BRAVE 4, Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation 4; BRIGHT, Bivalirudin in Acute Myocardial Infarction versus Heparin and GPI Plus Heparin; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; EUROMAX, European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography; GPI, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors; HEAT‐PPCI, How Effective are Antithrombotic Therapies in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; HORIZONS‐AMI, Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction; ITT, intention‐to‐treat; MATRIX, Minimizing Adverse Hemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox; na, not available; NSTEMI, non‐ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.

^aRandomized to bivalirudin plus prasugrel and heparin plus clopidogrel but stopped early due to slow recruitment.

^bRandomized to bivalirudin, heparin alone, and heparin plus GPI.

^cSTEMI 56% and NSTEMI 44%.

^dTIMI major bleeding: intracranial bleeding, overt bleeding with hemoglobin drop of >5 g/dL, fatal bleeding.

^eBARC bleeding: Type 3: overt bleeding with hemoglobin drop of >3 g/dL or requiring transfusion, cardiac tamponade, bleeding requiring intervention or vasoactive agents, intracranial bleeding; Type 4: CABG‐related bleeding within 48 hours; Type 5: fatal bleeding.